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Table 1 Distribution of rubella IgM antibody levels by sex, age, month and year in measles-negative serum samples between 2005 and September 2016

From: Epidemiology of acute rubella infection in Zambia during the pre-vaccination period (2005–2016) as a baseline for monitoring rubella epidemiology in the post-rubella vaccine introduction era

Factor

Total tested

Rubella IgM

Positive

Negative

Equivocal

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Total sample

4497 (100)

1313 (29.2)

2928 (65.1)

256 (5.7)

Sex

 Male

2333 (100)

647 (27.7)

1545 (66.2)

141 (6.0)

 Female

2160 (100)

666 (30.8)

1379 (63.8)

115 (5.3)

Age (years)

  < 1

254 (100)

19 (7.5)

230 (90.6)

5 (2.0)

 1–4

1336 (100)

278 (20.8)

1001 (74.9)

57 (4.3)

 5–9

1322 (100)

475 (35.9)

744 (56.3)

103 (7.8)

 10–14

739 (100)

309 (41.8)

380 (51.4)

50 (6.8)

 15–24

414 (100)

126 (30.4)

263 (63.5)

25 (6.0)

 25+

114 (100)

14 (12.3)

94 (82.5)

6 (5.3)

Month

 January

238 (100)

52 (21.8)

178 (74.8)

8 (3.4)

 February

300 (100)

43 (14.3)

248 (82.7)

9 (3.0)

 March

342 (100)

57 (16.7)

273 (79.8)

12 (3.5)

 April

282 (100)

37 (13.1)

235 (83.3)

10 (3.5)

 May

310 (100)

27 (8.7)

268 (86.5)

15 (4.8)

 June

307 (100)

65 (21.2)

229 (74.6)

13 (4.2)

 July

435 (100)

169 (38.9)

240 (55.2)

26 (6.0)

 August

432 (100)

169 (39.1)

233 (53.9)

30 (6.9)

 September

490 (100)

166 (33.9)

297 (60.6)

27 (5.5)

 October

552 (100)

244 (44.2)

263 (47.6)

45 (8.2)

 November

528 (100)

204 (38.6)

279 (52.8)

45 (8.5)

 December

281 (100)

80 (28.5)

185 (65.8)

16 (5.7)

Year

 2005

580 (100)

190 (32.8)

342 (59.0)

48 (8.3)

 2006

237 (100)

72 (30.4)

151 (63.7)

14 (5.9)

 2007

425 (100)

101 (23.8)

299 (70.4)

25 (5.9)

 2008

731 (100)

255 (34.9)

421 (57.6)

55 (7.5)

 2009

316 (100)

76 (24.1)

239 (75.6)

1 (0.3)

 2010

357 (100)

16 (4.5)

334 (93.6)

7 (2.0)

 2011

175 (100)

62 (35.5)

99 (56.6)

14 (8.0)

 2012

341 (100)

150 (44.0)

165 (48.4)

26 (7.6)

 2013

358 (100)

177 (49.4)

147 (41.1)

34 (9.5)

 2014

284 (100)

87 (30.6)

187 (65.8)

10 (3.5)

 2015

394 (100)

98 (24.9)

281 (71.3)

15 (3.8)

 2016

299 (100)

29 (9.7)

263 (88.0)

7 (2.3)