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Table 1 Characteristics of HIV-positive, smear-negative presumptive participants, comparing MTB culture-positives and negatives (n=366)

From: Chest X-ray interpretation does not complement Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis among TB-HIV co-infected adults in a resource-limited setting

Participants characteristics

Overall (N=366)

Culture positives (N=81)

Culture negatives (N=285)

P-value

Clinical characteristics

 Age at visit time (Median (IQR)

32 (28, 39)

31 (27, 37)

33 (28, 40)

0.064

 CD4 count (cells/mm3) (Median, IQR)

112 (23, 308)

79 (15, 179)

130 (26, 331)

0.011

 Gender: Female (n, %)

232 (63.4)

43 (53.1)

189 (66.3)

0.029

 Inpatient participants

250 (68.3)

65 (80.3)

185 (64.9)

0.009

 Cough Present

359 (98.1)

80 (98.8)

279 (97.9)

1.000

 Fever present

333 (91.0)

75 (92.6)

258 (90.5)

0.665

 Weight loss present

325 (88.8)

80 (98.8)

245 (86.0)

0.001

Medication history

 Antiretroviral therapy (n, %)

137 (37.4)

24 (29.6)

113 (39.6)

0.037

 Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis

341 (93.2)

78 (96.3)

263 (92.3)

0.299

 Previous medication for TB disease

67 (18.3)

9 (11.1)

58 (20.4)

0.032

TB tests results

 Xpert MTB/RIF positive

65 (17.8)

53 (65.4)

12 (4.2)

0.000

 Urine TB LAM Positive (n, %)

50 (13.7)

28 (34.6)

22 (7.7)

0.000

 CXR interpreted as TB (n, %)

187 (51.1)

55 (67.9)

132 (46.3)

0.001

Radiological Characteristics (n, %)

 Upper infiltratesa

143 (39.1)

52 (64.2)

91 (31.9)

0.000

 Lower Infiltrates

150 (41.0)

46 (56.8)

104 (36.5)

0.001

 Cavity

15 (4.1)

2 (2.5)

13 (4.6)

0.537

 Miliary disease

6 (1.6)

4 (4.9)

2 (0.7)

0.023

 Pleural Effusion

39 (10.7)

13 (16.0)

26 (9.1)

0.100

 Pleural Thickening

35 (9.6)

12 (14.8)

23 (8.1)

0.085

 Adenopathy

13 (3.6)

5 (6.2)

8 (2.8)

0.172

 Fibrosis

20 (5.5)

4 (4.9)

16 (5.6)

1.000

  1. Abbreviations: TB Tuberculosis; ART Antiretroviral therapy; CXR Chest X-ray; LAM Lipoarabinomannan; IQR Inter-quartile range; a means infiltrates in upper or middle lobe