HIV infection and multidrug resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 2 Summary results of subgroup analysis

Subgroup	No of studies (TB patients)	Summary OR	95% CI	I² (%)	p-value*
WHO Region
South-East Asia	6 (1947)	1.86	1.30–2.67	0.00	0.07
Europe	11 (154031)	1.79	1.42–2.27	52.90	0.01
Eastern Mediterranean	1 (634)	0.44	0.15–1.31	–	–
Africa	25 (14723)	1.41	1.06–1.89	76.65	0.53
America	6 (256640)	1.17	0.75–1.84	74.15	0.98
Western Pacific	4 (2559)	1.11	0.32–3.89	82.89	0.97
TB Burden countries
Low	18	1.0	0.72–1.39	63.91	0.71
High	30	1.75	1.39–2.19	76.68	0.09
Countries by income level
High	7	1.55	1.06–2.27	50.85	0.09
Upper-middle	14	1.26	0.86–1.86	87.0	0.85
Low-middle	11	1.66	1.23–2.26	43.91	0.31
Low	19	1.40	0.99–1.98	78.44	0.97
Study design
Cross-sectional^a	30	1.53	1.20–1.96	71.6	0.27
Case-control	20	1.22	0.87–1.71	75.77	0.26
Cohort	4	1.33	1.09–1.62	0.00	0.20
Outcome MDR-TB type
Primary	4	2.76	1.70–4.46	0.00	0.87
Both	42	1.42	1.16–1.74	80.63	0.50
Secondary	8	1.08	0.64–1.82	76.26	0.18
Mean/Median Age (MDR-TB)
> 40	15	1.56	1.17–2.06	71.66	0.57
<=40	32	1.45	1.11–1.91	78.85	0.09
Diagnosis of MDR-TB by
Culture	37	1.52	1.20–1.93	80.56	0.40
Mixed	14	1.30	0.93–1.81	76.97	0.48
Molecular technique	1	1.27	0.6–2.17	–	–
Overall	54	1.42	1.17–1.71	75.8	0.36

MDR-TB Multidrug resistant tuberculosis, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, CI Confidence Interval
^a two surveillance were included into cross-sectional studies
^* p value for Egger’s test for publication bias

ISSN: 1471-2334