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Table 4 Effectiveness of PPV23 in patients ≥75 years of age, estimated by the indirect cohort (Broome) method, July 2008 to June 2016 (= 1051)

From: Application of the screening and indirect cohort methods to evaluate the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination program in adults 75 years and older in Taiwan

IPD

Cases

Controls

Crude VE (%)

95%CI

Adjusted VE (%)

95%CI

Serotypes PPV23

847

204

42.9

(21.7 to 58.3)

39.0a

(15.5 to 55.9)

 75–84

540

133

44.9

(18.5 to 62.8)

42.4b

(13.7 to 61.6)

 85+

307

71

39.5

(−2.5 to 64.3)

33.9 b

(−15.2 to 62.1)

 Female

263

82

46.1

(9.5 to 68.0)

38.7c

(−4.9 to 64.2)

 Male

584

122

42.5

(14.3 to 61.4)

38.0c

(6.4 to 59.0)

 Without HRMC

390

95

57.6

(32.3 to 73.4)

56.5d

(29.6 to 73.1)

 With HRMC

425

108

27.5

(−11.7 to 52.9)

20.4d

(−24.5 to 49.1)

 >  5 years after vaccination

668

143

44.7

(9.1 to 66.4)

15.5a

(−47.1 to 51.4)

 ≤ 5 years after vaccination

777

179

42.1

(17.7 to 59.2)

44.9a

(20.8 to 61.7)

Serotypes PPV23-non PCV13

83

204

72.2

(47.3 to 85.3)

71.5a

(44.2 to 85.4)

Serotype PCV13 (without 6A)

764

204

39.0

(16.3 o 55.6)

35.3a

(10.1 to 53.4)

serotype 3

173

204

39.4

(7.2 to 60.4)

36.8a

(0.4 to 59.9)

Serotype14

181

204

36.9

(4.1 to 58.5)

38.8a

(4.1 to 61.0)

serotype 23F

153

204

27.3

(−12.2 to 52.9)

11.3a

(−42.1 to 44.7)

serotype 19F

69

204

40.0

(−7.6 to 66.5)

34.9a

(−21.3 to 65.1)

serotype 19A

68

204

57.8

(21.1 to 77.4)

56.3a

(16.1 to 77.2)

serotype 6B

70

204

52.5

(13.1 to 74.0)

51.9a

(8.1 to 74.8)

serotype 15B

23

204

79.4

(28.5 to 94.1)

80.6a

(28.6 to 94.7)

serotype 9 V

33

204

31.4

(−49.0 to 68.4)

31.3a

(−60.4 to 70.6)

  1. VE vaccine effectiveness, CI confidence interval, HRMC high-risk medical conditions, PPV23 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, PCV13 thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Serotypes PPV23-non PCV13 VT: 11 serotypes that included in PPV23 but not in PCV13, that is serotypes of 2, 8, 9 N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, 22F, and 33F
  2. aAdjusted for age group, sex, presence of HRMC, and onset year; bAdjusted for sex, presence of HRMC, and onset year; cAdjusted for age group, presence of HRMC, and onset year; dAdjusted for age group, sex, and onset year