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Table 3 Pathogens isolated in the stool of 276 children. Results expressed as numbers (and percentage) unless stated otherwise

From: Etiology of diarrhea by multiplex polymerase chain reaction among young children in the United Arab Emirates: a case-control study

   

Unmatched analysisa

Age-matched analysisb

 

Cases

Controls

aOR

95% ci

P

aOR

95% ci

P

n = 203

n = 73

Viruses

 Rotavirus

43 (21.2)

1 (1.4)

19

2.5, 140.0

0.004

21.4

2.8, 161.7

0.003

 Norovirus GII

39 (19.2)

2 (2.7)

8.4

1.98, 35.9

0.004

6.9

1.6, 30.1

0.01

 Adenovirus

35 (17.2)

2 (2.7)

7.7

1.8, 33.1

0.006

6.1

1.4, 26.9

0.016

 Sapovirus

13 (6.4)

2 (2.7)

2.4

0.52, 10.87

0.20

2.4

0.5, 11.9

0.20

 Norovirus GI

5 (2.4)

0 (0)

1.4

0.5, 4.3

0.35

1.1

0.2, 12.1

0.66

 Astrovirus

4 (1.9)

0 (0)

1.3

0.6, 4.2

0.38

1.1

0.1, 11.8

0.93

Bacteria

 Aeromonas spp.

11 (5.4)

1 (1.4)

4.33

0.54, 34.35

0.1

4.71

0.56, 39.7

0.1

 EPEC (eaeA)

36 (17.7)

6 (8.2)

2.32

0.93, 5.79

0.07

1.8

0.70, 4.64

0.2

 ETEC (lt/st)

7 (3.4)

2 (2.7)

1.2

0.24, 6.0

0.8

1.73

0.32, 9.29

0.5

 EAEC (aggR)

21 (10.3)

7 (9.6)

1.04

0.42, 2.57

0.9

0.94

0.37, 2.42

0.9

Clostridium difficile toxin B

14 (6.9)

6 (8.2)

0.78

0.28, 2.12

0.6

0.6

0.21, 1.71

0.3

 Clostridium difficile hypervirulent

1 (0.5)

1 (1.4)

0.2

0.11, 3.6

0.2

0.65

0.04, 10.4

0.7

 Campylobacter spp.

4 (1.9)

0 (0)

1.2

0.6, 4.2

0.4

2.1.

0.19, 14.2

0.5

 Salmonella spp.

11 (5.4)

0 (0)

2.1

0.6, 5.0

0.1

3.0

0.46, 15.2

0.2

 Shigella spp./EIEC

5 (2.4)

0 (0)

1.2

0.5, 4.1

0.8

1.2

0.09, 20.1

0.8

 Yersinia enterocolitica

1 (0.5)

0 (0)

0.2

0.1, 3.4

0.1

0.2

0.006, 19.4

1.0

E coli O157

3 (1.5)

0 (0)

1.0

0.1, 4.0

0.4

0.8

0.08, 11.3

1.0

 STEC (stx1/2)

2 (0.9)

0 (0)

0.2

0.2, 3.3

0.8

1.2

0.09, 14.7

0.8

Parasites

 Cryptosporidium spp.

22 (10.8)

1 (1.4)

7.8

1.02, 59.6

0.04

7.07

0.88, 56.43

0.06

Dientamoeba fragilis

3 (1.5)

1 (1.4)

1.01

0.99, 1.04

0.09

1.15

0.10, 12.8

0.9

Giardia lamblia

4 (1.9)

0 (0)

1.19

0.2, 4.1

0.8

1.26

0.15, 14.8

0.8

 Blastocystis hominis

6 (2.9)

0 (0)

1.30

0.2, 4.2

0.9

4.8

0.58, 18.5

0.1

  1. a Penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression model, with correction for age; b Conditional age-matched (6-months blocks) exact logistic regression model; aOR adjusted odds ratio; ci confidence intervals