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Table 2 Multivariate adjusted odd-ratios

From: Antimicrobial resistance awareness and antibiotic prescribing behavior among healthcare workers in Nigeria: a national survey

Question: How relevant is the subject of antibiotic resistance for your daily work?

Answer: Highly/Moderately versus Sparsely/Not at all

Variables

Odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval

P-value

Profession

 Physicians

Reference

 

 Nurses

0.96 (0.19–4.95)

0.965

 Community health extension workers

0.51 (0.17–1.56)

0.239

 Dentists

0.65 (0.13–3.14)

0.591

 Pharmacists

0.44 (0.04–5.27)

0.52

 Others

0.29 (0.09–0.92)

0.035

State

 Borno

Reference

 

 Delta

1.31 (0.39–4.37)

0.662

 Ebonyi

4.69 (0. 93–23.74)

0.061

 Jigawa

0.52 (0.16–1.68)

0.272

 Lagos

0.53 (0.20–1.43)

0.211

 Plateau

1.85 (0.51–6.72)

0.352

Health care facility

 Primary

1.32 (0.41–4.27)

0.649

 Secondary

2.94 (1.23–7.01)

0.015

 Tertiary

Reference

 

Question: Do you believe that your prescribing behavior influences the antibiotic resistance development within your region?

Answer: Yes, Versus No or I don’t know

Variables

Odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval

P-value

Profession

 Physicians

Reference

 

 Nurses

1.19 (0.37–3.82)

0.771

 Community health extension workers

0.55 (0.25–1.24)

0.150

 Dentists

0.71 (0.22–2.37)

0.581

 Pharmacists

4.28 (0.46–40.14)

0.203

 Others

0.43 (0.17–1.12)

0.083

State

 Borno

Reference

 

 Delta

1.21 (0.54–2.71)

0.644

 Ebonyi

1.04 (0.49–2.22)

0.912

 Jigawa

1.11 (0.45–2.75)

0.814

 Lagos

1.56 (0.76–3.22)

0.225

 Plateau

1.15 (0.51–2.56)

0.743

Health care facility

 Primary

0.32 (0.12–0.83)

0.020

 Secondary

0.73 (0.43–1.25)

0.249

 Tertiary

Reference

 

Question: Do you use practice guidelines for antibiotic therapy during your daily work?

Answer: Frequently/Moderately versus Rarely/No good guideline

Variables

Odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval

P-value

Profession

 Physicians

Reference

 

 Nurses

0.45 (0.14–1.47)

0.185

 Community health extension workers

0.55 (0.24–1.27)

0.159

 Dentists

1.40 (0.38–5.09)

0.613

 Pharmacists

0.31 (0.53–1.76)

0.185

 Others

0.47 (0.18–1.21)

0.119

State

 Borno

Reference

 

 Delta

1.31 (0.54–3.18)

0.553

 Ebonyi

0.89 (0.40–1.99)

0.789

 Jigawa

0.99 (0.39–2.58)

0.999

 Lagos

1.89 (0.80–4.48)

0.146

 Plateau

0.674 (0.29–1.55)

0.354

Health care facility

 Primary

1.03 (0.39–2.68)

0.945

 Secondary

1.17 (0.64–2.12)

0.613

 Tertiary

Reference