Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of participants (N = 571)

Age, ys (Mean ± SD) ± sd) sdSD)

57.59 ± 15.36

45.00 ± 20.71

< 0.001^#

40.5 ± 19.07

< 0.001^#

< 0.001^#

Gender(%)male

103 (59.2)

119 (82.1)

< 0.001

180 (71.4)

0.009

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

23.23 ± 3.37

21.40 ± 7.43

0.004¶

21.88 ± 3.30

< 0.001¶

< 0.001¶

Onset time (day)

35 (20–90)

30 (14–60)

0.033^#

21.50 (13.65–45.71)

< 0.001^#

< 0.001^#

 None

107 (61.5)

91 (62.8)

0.817

164 (65.1)

0.450

0.532

 Years of smoking

30.79 (20.25–41.73)

21.67 (7.67–33.33)

0.259^#

13.67 (8.53–28.64)

0.038^#

0.050^#

 Previous anti-TB treatment

31 (17.8)

44 (30.3)

0.009^#

36 (14.3)

0.325

0.516^#

 Fever

69 (39.7)

117 (80.7)

< 0.001

180 (71.4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Cough

131 (75.3)

120 (82.8)

0.105

191 (75.8)

0.905

0.422

 Chest pain

76 (43.7)

73 (50.3)

0.235

126 (50.0)

0.199

0.156

 Chest tightness

125 (71.8)

85 (58.6)

0.013

190 (75.4)

0.411

0.537

 Night sweat

18 (10.3)

22 (15.2)

0.195

54 (21.4)

0.003

0.009

 Weight loss

41 (23.6)

41 (28.3)

0.338

86 (34.1)

0.019

0.042

 Hemoptysis

13 (7.5)

3 (2.1)

0.057

3 (1.2)

0.002

< 0.001

 Left

66 (37.9)

56 (38.6)

0.900

93 (36.9)

0.830

0.928

 Right

69 (39.7)

65 (44.8)

0.351

119 (47.2)

0.122

0.138

 Bilateral

39 (22.4)

24 (16.6)

0.190

40 (15.9)

0.088

0.072

 Small

72 (41.6)

59 (40.7)

0.867

106 (42.1)

0.927

0.990

 Moderate

52 (30.1)

42 (29.0)

0.832

66 (28.0)

0.382

0.486

 Massive

49 (28.3)

44 (30.3)

0.693

81 (32.1)

0.410

0.451

 Total protein(g/L)

34.36 ± 18.68

37.63 ± 19.57

0.003^#

43.47 ± 14.56

< 0.001^#

< 0.001^#

 Glucose (mmol/L)

5.81 ± 2.92

4.50 ± 2.36

< 0.001^#

5.04 ± 2.17

< 0.001^#

< 0.001^#

 LDH(U/L)

256 (158.25–482)

425 (276–704)

< 0.001^#

377.5 (240.5–580.75)

< 0.001^#

< 0.001^#

 ADA (IU/L)

11.8 (8.25–18.65)

50 (37.85–62.15)

< 0.001^#

45 (31.875–57.9)

< 0.001^#

< 0.001^#