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Table 3 Distribution of tests used to detect infection by Leishmania ssp. in 240 participants. The positive and negative results (“any test positive” versus “all tests negative”) were evaluated according to age, sex, exposure to endemic areas of VL, time of HIV diagnosis, ART use, previous opportunistic infection, comorbidities and laboratorial data

From: Frequency of Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in an urban area in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

 

Any test positive

All tests negative

p

OR

CI (95%)

Age, mean

50,9

49,7

0,37*

  

Sex, n

 Male

27

146

0,67**

1,19

0,53 - 2,67

 Female

9

58

   

Exposure to endemic areas of VL

 Yes

15

77

0,65**

1,18

0,47 - 1,60

 No

21

127

   

Time of HIV diagnosis, median

16,5

14,5

0,27***

  

T CD4+ (cells/ml), median

561,0

547,5

0,51***

  

T CD4+ (cells/ml)

 < 200

8

19

0,03**

2,78

1,11 - 6,96

 ≥ 200

28

185

   

Regular ART use

 Yes

29

182

0,14**

0,5

0,84 - 3,64

 No

7

22

   

Previous opportunistic infection, n

 Yes

6

47

0,40**

0,67

0,26 - 1,70

 No

30

157

   

Comorbidities, n

 Yes

14

95

0,40**

0,73

0,35 - 1,50

 No

22

109

   

Presence of signal/symptoms compatible with visceral leishmaniasis

 Yes

3

15

0,74****

1,15

0,31 - 4,18

 No

33

189

   

Anemia and/or leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia, n

 Yes

7

51

0,47**

0,72

0,30 - 1,75

 No

29

153

   
  1. *Student’s T test; **Qui-squared test; *** Mann–Whitney U test; ****Fisher’s exact test