Table 1 Characteristics of patients at admission
All patients (n = 319) | Discharged (n = 238) | Deceased (n = 81) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline and demographic parameters | ||||
Median age (IQR) — yr | 74 (61–83) | 71 (59–79) | 82 (76–86) | < 0.0001 |
Male — no. (%) | 188 (58.93) | 138 (57.98) | 50 (61.73) | 0.5530 |
Nursing home resident — no. (%) | 30/318 (9.43) | 17/137 (7.17) | 13/81 (16.05) | 0.0249 |
Smoking history | ||||
- Current smoker — no. (%) | 20/181 (11.05) | 18/131 (13.74) | 2/50 (4.00) | 0.0619c |
- Former smoker — no. (%) | 63/181 (34.81) | 42/131 (32.06) | 21/50 (42.00) | 0.2131 |
- Never smoker— no. (%) | 98/181 (54.14) | 71/131 (54.20) | 27/50 (54.00) | 0.9809 |
BMI (IQR) | 26.75 (23.79–29.74) | 26.35 (23.72–29.19) | 28.17 (23.83–30.97) | 0.0472 |
- Underweighta - no. (%) | 4/230 (1.74) | 3/174 (1.72) | 1/56 (1.79) | |
- Normal weighta - no. (%) | 80/230 (34.78) | 63/174 (36.21) | 17/56 (30.36) | 0.4206 |
- Overweighta - no. (%) | 92/230 (40.00) | 73/174 (41.95) | 19/56 (33.93) | 0.2830 |
- Obesitya — no. (%) | 54/230 (23.48) | 35/174 (20.11) | 19/56 (33.93) | 0.0390 |
- Not known | 89 | 64 | 25 | |
Diabetes — no. (%) | 65 (20.38) | 38 (15.97) | 27 (33.33) | 0.0012 |
Hypertension — no. (%) | 162 (50.78) | 101 (42.44) | 61 (75.31) | < 0.0001 |
- Use of ACE inhibitor | 60/251 (23.90) | 39/178 (21.91) | 21/73 (28.77) | 0.2530 |
- Use of ATII antagonist | 30/250 (12.00) | 18/177 (10.17) | 12/73 (16.44) | 0.1764 |
COPD — no. (%) | 40 (12.54) | 27 (11.34) | 13 (16.05) | 0.2805 |
Asthma — no. (%) | 16 (5.02) | 12 (5.04) | 4 (4.94) | 0.9286c |
Coronary artery disease — no. (%) | 72 (22.57) | 47 (19.75) | 25 (30.86) | 0.0434 |
Chronic renal disease — no. (%) | 62/318 (19.50) | 34/237 (14.35) | 28/81 (34.57) | 0.0001 |
- eGFR 30–60 | 36/314 (11.46) | 26/233 (11.16) | 10/81 (12.35) | 0.7743 |
- eGFR 15–30 | 17/314 (5.41) | 5/233 (2.15) | 12/81 (14.81) | < 0.0001 |
- eGFR < 15 | 3/314 (0.96) | 0/233 (0.00) | 3/81 (3.70) | 0.0090c |
- HD/PD | 7 (2.19) | 4 (1.68) | 3 (3.70) | 0.2582c |
Cerebrovascular disease — no. (%) | 48 (15.05) | 30 (12.61) | 18 (22.22) | 0.0433 |
Immunocompromised — no. (%) | 42 (13.17) | 32 (13.45) | 10 (12.35) | 0.7992 |
- Immunosuppressive drugs | 31 (9.72) | 23 (9.66) | 8 (9.88) | 0.9556 |
- Active chemotherapy | 16 (5.02) | 10 (4.20) | 6 (7.41) | 0.2727 |
Clinical symptoms | ||||
Mean duration of symptoms (IQR) – days | 7 (3–10) | 7 (4–10) | 4 (1–7) | 0.0007 |
- Not known | 30 | 21 | 9 | |
History of feverb — no. (%) | 191 (59.87) | 148 (62.18) | 43 (53.09) | 0.1510 |
Cough — no. (%) | 211 (66.14) | 161 (67.65) | 50 (61.73) | 0.3339 |
- purulent | 47 (14.73) | 36 (15.13) | 11 (13.58) | 0.7327 |
Dyspnea — no. (%) | 208 (65.20) | 152 (63.87) | 56 (69.14) | 0.3867 |
Thoracic pain — no. (%) | 29 (9.09) | 26 (10.92) | 3 (3.70) | 0.0488c |
Myalgia — no. (%) | 61 (19.12) | 57 (23.95) | 4 (4.94) | < 0.0001c |
Diarrhea — no. (%) | 49 (15.36) | 38 (15.97) | 11 (13.58) | 0.6029 |
Abdominal pain— no. (%) | 25 (7.84) | 20 (8.40) | 6 (6.17) | 0.5088 |
Anorexia — no. (%) | 93 (29.15) | 76 (31.93) | 17 (20.99) | 0.0556 |
Nausea — no. (%) | 55 (17.24) | 45 (18.91) | 10 (12.35) | 0.1644 |
Vomiting — no. (%) | 45 (14.11) | 37 (15.55) | 8 (9.88) | 0.1908 |
Syncope — no. (%) | 12 (3.76) | 8 (3.36) | 4 (4.94) | 0.4583c |
Headache — no. (%) | 35 (10.97) | 32 (13.45) | 3 (3.70) | 0.0117c |
Confusion — no. (%) | 29 (9.09) | 20 (8.40) | 9 (11.11) | 0.4728 |
History of falling — no. (%) | 19 (5.96) | 8 (3.36) | 11 (13.58) | 0.0019 |
Anosmia — no. (%) | 20 (6.27) | 18 (7.56) | 2 (2.47) | 0.1103c |
Parameters | ||||
Temperature > 38 °C – no. (%) | 52 (16.30) | 41 (17.23) | 11 (13.58) | 0.4354 |
Respiratory rate (IQR) – breaths per min | 16 (14–20) | 16 (15–20) | 16 (14–18) | 0.5534 |
- Not measured | 25 | 16 | 9 | |
Mean arterial blood pressure (IQR) - mmHg | 94 (84–102) | 93 (84–102) | 97 (83–104) | 0.6908 |
- Not measured | 7 | 3 | 4 | |