Table 2 Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients
COVID-19 (n = 23) | Non-COVID-19 (n = 108) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | |||
Age, years | 68 (54–78) | 68.5 (49–78) | 0.84 |
Male | 17 (70.8) | 82 (75.9) | 0.72 |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 8 (34.8) | 32 (29.6) | 0.63 |
Diabetes | 4 (17.4) | 23 (21.3) | 0.78 |
Malignancy | 6 (26.1) | 36 (33.3) | 0.63 |
Chronic lung disease | 5 (26.1) | 27 (25.0) | 1.00 |
Chronic heart failure | 4 (17.4) | 12 (11.1) | 0.48 |
Coronary artery disease | 3 (13.0) | 16 (14.8) | 1.00 |
Chronic renal disease | 2 (8.7) | 17 (15.7) | 0.52 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (13.0) | 14 (13.0) | 1.00 |
Immunodeficiency | 2 (8.7) | 20 (18.5) | 0.36 |
History | |||
Days from onset of symptoms | 5 (3.5–7) | 3 (2–7) | 0.56 |
High-risk exposure history | 15 (65.2) | 9 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Symptomsa | (n = 23) | (n = 94) | |
Fever | 21 (92.3) | 78 (83.0) | 0.15 |
Cough | 11 (47.8) | 30 (31.9) | 0.22 |
Nasal congestion | 2 (8.7) | 2 (2.1) | 0.25 |
Sore throat | 4 (17.3) | 4 (4.3) | 0.047 |
Dyspnea | 5 (21.7) | 22 (23.4) | 1.00 |
Anosmia or ageusia | 3 (13.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0.02 |
Respiratory failure | 9 (39.1) | 29 (30.9) | 0.46 |
Laboratory results (measured value) | |||
White blood cell count, cells/μL | 5180 (4150–6180) | 7300 (5575–10,425) | < 0.001 |
Neutrophil count, cells/μL | 3518 (2474–4429) | 4800 (3586–8106) | 0.007 |
Lymphocyte count, cells/μL | 866 (690–1149) | 1145 (723–1655) | 0.13 |
Eosinophil count, cells/μL | 0 (0–11) | 83 (20–180) | < 0.001 |
Platelet count, ×104 /μL | 16.1 (13.8–20.5) | 19.6 (16.1–26.6) | 0.05 |
Lactate dehydrogenase, IU/L | 270 (226–390) | 210 (168–283) | 0.02 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 5.31 (1.5–10.7) | 3.72 (0.57–7.38) | 0.12 |
Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.065 (0.05–0.08) | 0.12 (0.03–0.62) | 0.33 |
Laboratory results (cut off value) | |||
White blood cell count < 8000 μL | 21/23 (91.3) | 59/108 (54.6) | < 0.001 |
Lymphocyte count < 1000 μL | 14/22 (63.6) | 56/92 (60.2) | 0.81 |
Eosinophil count < 50/μL | 21/22 (95.5) | 33/93 (35.5) | < 0.001 |
Lactate dehydrogenase > 250 IU/L | 13/20 (56.5) | 37 /108 (34.3) | 0.04 |
Procalcitonin < 0.5 ng/mL | 12/12 (100) | 33/48 (68.6) | 0.03 |
Procalcitonin < 0.5 ng/mL and C-reactive protein ≥0.5 mg/dL | 11/11 (100) | 21/36 (58.3) | 0.009 |
CT imaging findings | |||
CT imaging score | 3.50 ± 0.86 | 2.00 ± 1.23 | < 0.001 |
Differential diagnosis | |||
High likelihood of COVID-19 | 10 (43.5) | 4 (3.7) | < 0.001 |
High likelihood of alternative diagnosis | 1 (4.3) | 79 (73.1) | |