Skip to main content

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

From: No evidence of a synergistic effect of HIV infection and diabetes mellitus type 2 on fat distribution, plasma adiponectin or inflammatory markers

 

HIV + DM2+

HIV + DM2-

Controls with DM2

Healthy controls

P

n

18

18

19

25

 

Age, median (range)

58 (46–65)

57 (38–67)

57 (49–66)

58 (42–66)

0.801

Gender (%male)

89

94

68

88

0.125

BMI

27 (25–29)

25 (22–27)

29 (27–30)

25 (24–26)

0.003

Metabolic factors

 Fasting –PG

8.6 (7.2–10.0)

5.2 (5.0–5.4)*

8.5 (7.5–9.6)

5.3 (5.1–5.5)*

< 0.001

 Hba1c (mmol/mol)

49 (44–55)

35 (33–37)*

55 (49–60)

37 (36–38)*

< 0.001

 Cholesterol

4.5 (4.1–4.9)

5.6 (5.0–6.1)*

4.2 (3.8–4.7)

5.5 (5.1–5.9)*

< 0.001

 HDL

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

1.4 (1.2–1.6)

1.3 (1.1–1.4)

1.5 (1.3–1.7)*

0.010

 LDL

2.3 (1.9–2.7)

3.4 (2.8–4.0)*

2.4 (1.9–2.8)

3.5 (3.2–3.8)*

< 0.001

 Triglyceride

2.7 (1.8–3.7)

2.0 (1.2–2.8)

2.0 (1.5–2.5)

1.4 (1.0–2.0)*

0.006

 HOMA-IR

3.3 (2.6–3.9)

2.0 (1.6–2.3)*

3.3 (2.5–4.1)

1.7 (1.4–2.0)*

< 0.001

 Fasting c-peptide, median (range)

0.96 (0.58–1.44)

1.09 (0.66–2.18)*

1.05(0.39–2.32)

0.75 (0.39–1.42)*

< 0.001

Immunological factors

 Time since HIV diagnosis (months)

168 (116–219)

205 (147–263)

–

–

0.413

 CD4 count

689 (537–842)

656 (506–807)

1197 (986–1408)*

822 (711–932)

< 0.001

 CD8 count

885 (748–1023)

1003 (737–1270)

485 (436–735)*

446 (364–528)*

< 0.001

 Nadir CD4

188 (114–262)

219 (118–320)

–

–

0.608

 HIV RNA (copies/mL)

28 (15–42)

29 (16–43)

–

–

0.845

Medication (current)

 HIV treatment duration (months)

130 (97–164)

125 (87–164)

–

–

0.835

 Lipid lowering drug (%)

72

6

58

16

< 0.001

 Insulin (%)

24

–

6

–

0.129

 Metformin (%)

67

–

68

–

0.909

 GLP-1 (%)

6

–

26

–

0.087

 DPP-4 (%)

11

–

11

–

0.954

 Sulphonylureas (%)

28

–

21

–

0.634

 Special diet (%)

6

–

21

–

0.168

  1. Differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by t-test for comparison between HIV + DM2+ and the 3 control groups when ANOVA test was < 0.05. *p ≤ 0.05 compared to HIV + DM2+. For categorical data Pearson chi-square test was used. Results are given as mean (95% CI) if not otherwise stated. Participants could receive more than one type of drug for diabetes treatment and can be included in more than one treatment category except in the diet group. Participants were only registered as diet treated if this was the only treatment they received for their type 2 diabetes. Abbreviations: HIV + DM2+ Persons living with HIV with diabetes mellitus type 2, HIV + DM2- Persons living with HIV without diabetes mellitus type 2, BMI Body mass index, Fasting-PG Fasting plasma glucose, Hba1c Hemoglobin A1c, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance