| HIV + DM2+ | HIV + DM2- | Controls with DM2 | Healthy controls | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 18 | 18 | 19 | 25 | Â |
Age, median (range) | 58 (46–65) | 57 (38–67) | 57 (49–66) | 58 (42–66) | 0.801 |
Gender (%male) | 89 | 94 | 68 | 88 | 0.125 |
BMI | 27 (25–29) | 25 (22–27) | 29 (27–30) | 25 (24–26) | 0.003 |
Metabolic factors | |||||
 Fasting –PG | 8.6 (7.2–10.0) | 5.2 (5.0–5.4)* | 8.5 (7.5–9.6) | 5.3 (5.1–5.5)* | < 0.001 |
 Hba1c (mmol/mol) | 49 (44–55) | 35 (33–37)* | 55 (49–60) | 37 (36–38)* | < 0.001 |
 Cholesterol | 4.5 (4.1–4.9) | 5.6 (5.0–6.1)* | 4.2 (3.8–4.7) | 5.5 (5.1–5.9)* | < 0.001 |
 HDL | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7)* | 0.010 |
 LDL | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 3.4 (2.8–4.0)* | 2.4 (1.9–2.8) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8)* | < 0.001 |
 Triglyceride | 2.7 (1.8–3.7) | 2.0 (1.2–2.8) | 2.0 (1.5–2.5) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0)* | 0.006 |
 HOMA-IR | 3.3 (2.6–3.9) | 2.0 (1.6–2.3)* | 3.3 (2.5–4.1) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0)* | < 0.001 |
 Fasting c-peptide, median (range) | 0.96 (0.58–1.44) | 1.09 (0.66–2.18)* | 1.05(0.39–2.32) | 0.75 (0.39–1.42)* | < 0.001 |
Immunological factors | |||||
 Time since HIV diagnosis (months) | 168 (116–219) | 205 (147–263) | – | – | 0.413 |
 CD4 count | 689 (537–842) | 656 (506–807) | 1197 (986–1408)* | 822 (711–932) | < 0.001 |
 CD8 count | 885 (748–1023) | 1003 (737–1270) | 485 (436–735)* | 446 (364–528)* | < 0.001 |
 Nadir CD4 | 188 (114–262) | 219 (118–320) | – | – | 0.608 |
 HIV RNA (copies/mL) | 28 (15–42) | 29 (16–43) | – | – | 0.845 |
Medication (current) | |||||
 HIV treatment duration (months) | 130 (97–164) | 125 (87–164) | – | – | 0.835 |
 Lipid lowering drug (%) | 72 | 6 | 58 | 16 | < 0.001 |
 Insulin (%) | 24 | – | 6 | – | 0.129 |
 Metformin (%) | 67 | – | 68 | – | 0.909 |
 GLP-1 (%) | 6 | – | 26 | – | 0.087 |
 DPP-4 (%) | 11 | – | 11 | – | 0.954 |
 Sulphonylureas (%) | 28 | – | 21 | – | 0.634 |
 Special diet (%) | 6 | – | 21 | – | 0.168 |