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Table 2 The source of candidemia, prior antibiotic and antifungal therapy of the mono-CA-BSI compared with the Mixed-CA/B-BSIs

From: Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of mixed Candida albicans/bacterial bloodstream infections

Variable

Total(n = 117)

Mono-CA-BSI(n = 93)

Mixed-CA/B-BSIs(n = 24)

P value

Source of candidaemia [n (%)]

  Definitive CVC-related

34 (29.1%)

27 (29.0%)

7 (29.2%)

0.990

 Intra-abdominal

24 (20.5%)

18 (19.4%)

6 (25.0%)

0.744

  Primary

22 (18.8%)

15 (16.1%)

7 (29.2%)

0.244

  Lower respiratory tract

12 (10.3%)

11 (11.8%)

1 (4.2%)

0.468

 Urinary tract infection

7 (6.0%)

6 (6.5%)

1 (4.2%)

> 0.999

 Gastrointestinal tract

6 (5.1%)

6 (6.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0.344

 Skin and Soft tissue

5 (4.3%)

4 (4.3%)

1 (4.2%)

> 0.999

 Meningitis

3 (2.6%)

2 (2.2%)

1 (4.2%)

0.501

 Endocardium

2 (1.7%)

2 (2.2%)

0 (0.0%)

> 0.999

 Osteoarthritis

1 (0.9%)

1 (1.1%)

0 (0.0%)

> 0.999

Source control [n (%)]

 Removal of contaminated lines a

40 (34.2%)

27 (29.0%)

13 (54.2%)

0.021

 Draining of fungal collection

19 (16.2%)

14 (15.1%)

5 (20.8%)

0.708

Days of prior antibiotic exposure (IQR)

11.0 (3.0,22.0)

8.0 (1.0,20.5)

17.0 (10.3,28.8)

0.007

Prior antibiotic exposure b [n (%)]

93 (79.5%)

69 (74.2%)

24 (100.0%)

0.012

 Cephalosporins

33 (28.2%)

25 (26.9%)

8 (33.3%)

0.531

 Carbapenems

49 (41.9%)

41 (44.1%)

8 (33.3%)

0.341

 Penicillins

25 (21.4%)

19 (20.4%)

6 (25.0%)

0.626

 Quinolones

4 (3.4%)

4 (4.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.580

Initial antifungal agent [n (%)]

 Fluconazole

40 (34.2%)

32 (34.4%)

8 (33.3%)

0.921

 Echinocandin

46 (39.3%)

36 (38.7%)

10 (41.7%)

0.791

 Voriconazole

11 (9.4%)

9 (9.7%)

2 (8.3%)

> 0.999

Prior antifungal exposure [n (%)]

10 (8.5%)

6 (6.4%)

4 (16.7%)

0.235

Appropriate Antifungal therapy c [n (%)]

43 (36.8%)

35 (37.6%)

8 (33.3%)

0.697

Delay in initiation of empiric antifungal treatment d [n (%)]

100 (85.5%)

82 (88.2%)

18 (75.0%)

0.103

  1. Abbreviations: CVC central venous catheter, PICC Peripherally inserted central catheters, CRBSI catheter-related bloodstream infection;
  2. aCentral venous catheter removed within 48 h after the first positive sample
  3. bAll patients receiving systemic drug therapy for ≥3 days within 2 weeks prior to candidaemia onset
  4. cAntifungal therapy was defined as appropriate if the isolated Candida spp. was sensitive to the chosen antifungal agent, and the antifungal agent was used with adequate dosages (like Fluconazole: loading dose of 800 mg [12 mg/kg], then 400 mg [6 mg/kg] daily; Caspofungin: loading dose of 70 mg, then 50 mg daily)
  5. dThe delay of empiric antifungal treatment was considered as initial use more than 12 h after the report of first positive blood sample