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Table 1 Antibiotic susceptibility data from 409 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Hanoi, Vietnam in 2017–2019. Mean zone diameters of inhibition and interpretive categories are presented for each antibiotic

From: Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2017–2019

Antibiotics

Mean Zone of Inhibition Diameter, mm (SD)

 
 

2017

(n = 112)

2018

(n = 135)

2019

(n = 162)

p value*

Penicillin

22.0 (11.9)

20.9 (10.2)

20.3 (10.5)

0.16

Tetracycline

22.8 (9.6)

21.7 (9.0)

24.6 (8.2)

<  0.01

Ciprofloxacina

10 (6–10)

6 (6–16)

11 (6–17)

0.17

Spectinomycin

30.3 (3.3)

26.5 (3.3)

27.1 (3.7)

<  0.01

Azithromycin

34.6 (4.4)

31.6 (3.8)

32.7 (4.0)

<  0.01

Ceftriaxone

43.0 (4.1)

40.5 (3.6)

41.1 (3.8)

<  0.01

Cefixime

37.5 (5.0)

35.5 (4.3)

36.3 (4.1)

<  0.01

 

Interpretive Categories,b n (%)

 

2017

2018

2019

p value

Penicillin (n = 408)

   

0.01

 Susceptible

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

 Intermediate

59 (52.7%)

50 (37.0%)

56 (34.6%)

 

 Resistant

53 (47.3%)

85 (63.0%)

106 (65.4%)

 

Tetracycline (n = 409)

   

0.02

 Susceptible

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

2 (1.2%)

 

 Intermediate

21 (18.8%)

12 (8.9%)

36 (22.2%)

 

 Resistant

91 (81.3%)

122 (90.4%)

124 (76.5%)

 

Ciprofloxacin (n = 408)

   

0.24

 Susceptible

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (1.2%)

 

 Intermediate

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

3 (1.9%)

 

 Resistant

111 (100%)

134 (99.3%)

157 (96.9%)

 

Spectinomycin (n = 409)

   

 Susceptible

112 (100%)

135 (100%)

162 (100%)

 

 Intermediate

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

 Resistant

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

Azithromycin (n = 407)

   

< 0.01

 Non-resistant

94 (84.7%)

72 (53.3%)

119 (73.9%)

 

 Resistant

17 (15.3%)

63 (46.7%)

42 (26.1%)

 

Cefixime (n = 406)

   

0.31

 Susceptible

110 (98.2%)

125 (94.7%)

158 (97.5%)

 

 Non-susceptible

2 (1.8%)

7 (5.7%)

4 (2.5%)

 

Ceftriaxone (n = 408)

   

0.78

 Susceptible

112 (100%)

133 (99.3%)

160 (98.8%)

 

 Non-susceptible

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

2 (1.2%)

 
  1. *p value from Kruskal-Wallis test for means and Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests for susceptibility categories
  2. aMedian (Interquartile range)
  3. b Interpretive categories (except for azithromycin) were defined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol [14]. For azithromycin, interpretive criteria were defined according to the Centers for Disease Control Neisseria Reference Laboratory [15]