Table 1 Baseline characteristics, management and complications in adults hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Qatar

Male sex

1067 (82%)

100 (92.6%)

0.005

Age (years)

38 (30–49)

49.5 (39.5–60)

< 0.001

Age group (years)

< 0.001

 15–24

113 (8.7%)

3 (2.8%)

 25–34

391 (30.1%)

12 (11.1%)

 35–44

353 (27.1%)

24 (22.2%)

 45–54

250 (19.2%)

25 (23.1%)

 55–64

138 (10.6%)

28 (25.9%)

  ≥ 65

56 (4.3%)

16 (14.8%)

Nationality according to WHO region

0.005

 African Region

27 (2.1%)

2 (1.9%)

 Eastern Mediterranean Region

449 (34.5%)

36 (33.3%)

 European Region

22 (1.7%)

2 (1.9%)

 Region of the Americas

11 (0.8%)

2 (1.9%)

 South-East Asia Region

739 (56.8%)

52 (48.1%)

 Western Pacific Region

53 (4.1%)

14 (13%)

Healthcare workers

60 (4.6%)

3 (2.8%)

0.48

Pregnant

18 (1.4%)

1 (0.9%)

1.0

Diabetes mellitus

275 (21.1%)

52 (48.1%)

< 0.001

Hypertension

248 (19.1%)

52 (48.1%)

< 0.001

Coronary artery disease

31 (2.4%)

10 (9.3%)

< 0.001

Chronic lung disease

73 (5.6%)

10 (9.3%)

0.12

Chronic liver disease

14 (1.1%)

4 (3.7%)

0.043

Chronic kidney disease

21 (1.6%)

13 (12%)

< 0.001

Malignancy

18 (1.4%)

2 (1.9%)

0.66

Number of comorbidities

< 0.001

 None

859 (66.0%)

35 (32.4%)

 One comorbidity

268 (20.6%)

33 (30.6%)

 Two comorbidities

124 (9.5%)

20 (18.5%)

 More than two comorbidities

50 (3.8%)

20 (18.5%)

Current or past smoker

121/806 (15%)

9/52 (17.3%)

0.71

Mode of presentation

< 0.001

 Screening or contact tracing

390/1293 (30.2%)

0

 Symptomatic

903/1293 (69.8%)

108 (100%)

 Fever

710/1289 (55.1%)

105 (97.2%)

< 0.001

 Cough

730/1289 (56.6%)

97 (89.8%)

< 0.001

 Sore throat

345/1289 (26.8%)

21 (19.4%)

0.11

 Rhinorrhea

130/1289 (10.1%)

1 (0.9%)

< 0.001

 Dyspnea

156/1289 (12.1%)

56 (51.9%)

< 0.001

 Fatigue

121/1289 (9.4%)

15 (13.9%)

0.13

 Generalized pain

265/1289 (19.9%)

21 (19.4%)

0.9

 Diarrhea

53/1289 (4.1%)

2 (1.9%)

0.43

 Nausea and/or vomiting

52/1289 (4.0%)

10 (9.3%)

0.024

 Body mass index^a (kg/m²)

26.6 (23.8–29.7)

28.2 (25.8–31.6)

< 0.001

 Systolic blood pressure^† (mmHg)

117.0 (108–127)

116 (103.5–126)

0.074

 Temperature^b (^o C)

37.0 (36.8–37.9)

37.8 (37.1–38.7)

< 0.001

 Hear rate^c (beats per minute)

86 (78–97)

95 (86–108)

< 0.001

 Respiratory rate^d (breaths per minute)

19 (18–20)

26.5 (20–32.5)

< 0.001

 Oxygen saturation^e (%)

98 (96–99)

94 (91–96)

< 0.001

 White blood cell count^f (×10⁹ cells per L)

6.4 (5.0–7.9)

6.6 (5.2–8.6)

0.058

 Lymphocyte count^g (× 10⁹ cells per L)

1.7 (1.2–2.2)

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

< 0.001

 Platelet count^g (×10⁹ cells per L)

235 (189–283)

202.5 (171.5–242.5)

< 0.001

 Serum sodium^h (mmol/L)

138 (136–140)

135 (133–137)

< 0.001

 Serum creatinineⁱ (μmol/L)

80 (68–90)

90 (76.5–108.5)

< 0.001

 CRP^j (mg/L)

7.0 (5–33.8)

107.7 (55.3–169.5)

< 0.001

 ALT^k (U/L)

27 (19–40)

32 (21.5–50.5)

< 0.001

 Chest radiology showing pulmonary infiltrates

457/1275 (35.8%)

102 (94.4%)

< 0.001

 Highest respiratory support in the first 24 h of hospitalization

< 0.001

  Ambient air

1226 (94.2%)

7 (6.5%)

  Oxygen via face mask or nasal canulae

75 (5.8%)

45 (41.7%)

  Non–invasive mechanical ventilation

0

14 (13%)

  Invasive mechanical ventilation

0

42 (38.9%)

 Invasive mechanical ventilation anytime during hospitalization

0

91 (84.3%)

< 0.001

 Vasopressor support

2 (0.2%)

66 (61.1%)

< 0.001

 Renal replacement therapy

4 (0.3%)

16 (14.8%)

< 0.001

 Antiviral and Anti–inflammatory Therapy

  Hydroxychloroquine

936 (71.9%)

108 (100.0%)

< 0.001

  Azithromycin

791 (60.8%)

107 (99.1%)

< 0.001

  Lopinavir–ritonavir

435 (33.4%)

87 (80.6%)

< 0.001

  Ribavirin

33 (2.5%)

74 (68.5%)

< 0.001

  Interferon

1 (0.1%)

26 (24.1%)

< 0.001

  Tocilizumab

12 (0.9%)

99 (91.7%)

< 0.001

  Systemic corticosteroids

7 (0.5%)

71 (65.7%)

< 0.001

 Acute respiratory distress syndrome

0

94 (87%)

< 0.001

 Acute kidney injury

20 (1.5%)

47 (43.5%)

< 0.001

 Myocardial injury

4 (0.3%)

16 (14.8%)

< 0.001

 Thromboembolism

0

3 (2.8%)

< 0.001

 Arrhythmia

0

4 (3.7%)

< 0.001

 Hospital length of stay

7 (3–12)

24.5 (19–37.5)

< 0.001

 ICU length of stay

NA

12 (8–21)

NA