Table 1 Demographics, baseline characteristics, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with 2019-nCoV pneumonia
Variable | Total (n = 165) | Confirmed Diagnosisa (n = 119) | Unconfirmed Diagnosisa (n = 46) | P Value | OR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), median (IQR) | 70 (58–78) | 68 (58–77) | 73.5 (58–85) | 0.09 | … |
Male sex | 113 (68.5) | 85 (71.4) | 28 (60.9) | 0.19 | … |
Pre-existing conditions | |||||
Any | 123 (74.6) | 86 (72.3) | 37 (80.4) | 0.28 | … |
Cardiovascular disease | 77 (46.7) | 59 (49.6) | 18 (39.1) | 0.23 | … |
Connective tissue disease | 30 (18.2) | 23 (19.3) | 7 (15.2) | 0.54 | … |
Nervous system disease | 29 (17.6) | 18 (15.1) | 11 (23.9) | 0.18 | … |
Diabetes | 22 (13.3) | 15 (12.6) | 7 (15.2) | 0.66 | … |
Malignancy | 21 (12.7) | 12 (10.1) | 9 (19.6) | 0.10 | … |
Respiratory system disease | 18 (10.9) | 12 (10.1) | 6 (13.0) | 0.59 | … |
Chronic kidney disease | 15 (9.1) | 8 (6.7) | 7 (15.2) | 0.09 | … |
Immunodeficiency | 7 (4.2) | 3 (2.5) | 4 (8.7) | 0.08 | … |
Chronic liver disease | 3 (1.8) | 3 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.28 | … |
Otherc | 29 (17.6) | 17 (14.3) | 12 (26.1) | 0.07 | … |
Symptoms at admission | |||||
Fever | 155 (93.9) | 115 (96.6) | 40 (87.0) | 0.02 | … |
Shortness of breath (or dyspnea) | 92 (55.8) | 63 (52.9) | 29 (63.0) | 0.24 | … |
Cough | 77 (46.7) | 60 (50.4) | 17 (37.0) | 0.12 | … |
Diarrhea/Nausea/Vomiting | 6 (3.6) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (6.5) | 0.22 | … |
Days from symptom onset, median (IQR) | 7 (3–10) | 7 (3–10) | 7 (3–10) | 0.41 | … |
Signs at admission, median (IQR) | |||||
Heart rate (beats/min) | 89 (80–101) | 89 (80–102) | 92 (80–100) | 0.99 | … |
Respiration rate (breaths/min) | 14 (12–15) | 14 (12–16) | 13 (12–15) | 0.24 | … |
Blood oxygen saturation (%) | 94 (90–96) | 94 (90–96) | 93 (90–97) | 0.74 | … |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 (120–140) | 130 (120–140) | 130 (118–140) | 0.97 | … |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (70–86) | 80 (70–86) | 75 (66–88) | 0.56 | … |
qSOFA score (≥2) | 25 (15.2) | 17 (14.3) | 8 (17.4) | 0.62 | … |
Chest X-ray/CT findings | |||||
Ground-glass opacity (GGO) | 127 (77.0) | 96 (80.7) | 31 (67.4) | 0.07 | … |
Consolidation | 106 (64.2) | 79 (66.4) | 27 (58.7) | 0.35 | … |
Pleural effusion | 40 (24.2) | 24 (20.2) | 16 (34.8) | 0.19 | … |
CT findings onlyd | |||||
GGO and reticular | 29/112 (17.6) | 21/76 (17.6) | 8/36 (17.4) | 0.54 | … |
Pleural thickening/retraction | 6/112 (3.6) | 3/76 (2.5) | 3/36 (6.5) | 0.34 | … |
Fibrotic steaks | 5/112 (3.0) | 3/76 (2.5) | 2/36 (4.3) | 0.70 | … |
Air bronchogram | 3/112 (1.8) | 2/76 (1.7) | 1/36 (2.2) | 0.96 | … |
Bronchus distortion | 2/112 (1.2) | 2/76 (1.7) | 0/36 (0.0) | 0.33 | … |
Spectrum of disease | |||||
Mild | 101 (61.2) | 72 (60.5) | 29 (63.0) | 0.76 | … |
Severe | 53 (32.1) | 39 (32.8) | 14 (30.4) | 0.77 | … |
Critical | 11 (6.7) | 8 (6.7) | 3 (6.5) | 0.96 | … |
Blood parameters, median (IQR) | |||||
Leucocytes (×109/L; normal range 4.0–10.0) | 6.4 (4.8–9.7) | 6.0 (4.7–8.1) | 10.1 (6.1–15.4) | < 0.001 | 0.81 (0.72–0.90) |
Neutrophils (×109/L; normal range 2.0–7.0) | 4.9 (3.5–7.7) | 4.6 (3.3–6.3) | 7.7 (4.6–11.7) | < 0.001 | … |
Lymphocytes (×109/L; normal range 1.0–3.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.2 (0.7–1.6) | 0.78 | … |
Neutrophils (%) | 77.1 (69.5–82.8) | 76.3 (67.6–82.4) | 80.1 (71.9–87.3) | 0.03 | … |
Lymphocytes (%) | 15.8 (10.5–23.4) | 17.6 (12.5–24.3) | 12.1 (7.6–20.4) | 0.003 | … |
Platelets (×109/L; normal range 150–450) | 210 (169–264) | 203 (165–252) | 250 (189–301) | 0.01 | … |
Hemoglobin (g/dL; normal range 13–17) | 13.8 (12.1–14.9) | 14.1 (13.0–15.1) | 12.1 (10.6–14.1) | < 0.001 | 1.34 (1.11–1.65) |
Serum parameters, median (IQR) | |||||
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L; normal range 7–45) | 24 (16–39) | 26 (17–40) | 19 (13–33) | 0.02 | … |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L; normal range 120–250) | 289 (230–415) | 316 (254–433) | 245 (195–336) | < 0.001 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
Creatinine (mg/dL; normal range: 0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.59 | … |
Creatine kinase (U/L; normal range 30–170) | 120 (66–219) | 122 (72–218) | 107 (51–219) | 0.36 | … |
Urea (mg/dL; normal range 10–23) | 17 (14–26) | 17 (13–25) | 19 (15–32) | 0.32 | … |
Infection-related biomarkers, median (IQR) | |||||
Procalcitonin (ng/mL; normal range 0–0.5) | 0.09 (0.04–0.18) | 0.08 (0.04–0.15) | 0.15 (0.07–0.63) | 0.006 | … |
C-reactive protein (mg/L; normal range 0–5.0) | 74.0 (32.2–139.4) | 66.9 (33.6–130.5) | 93.6 (22.1–163.9) | 0.59 | … |
Complications | |||||
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 92 (55.8) | 75 (63.0) | 17 (37.0) | 0.003 | …e |
Liver injury | 47 (28.5) | 38 (31.9) | 9 (19.6) | 0.11 | …e |
Septic shock | 14 (8.5) | 7 (5.9) | 7 (15.2) | 0.06 | …e |
Admission to intensive care unit | 14 (8.5) | 12 (10.1) | 2 (4.4) | 0.23 | …e |
Treatment | |||||
Oxygen support (nasal cannula) | 128 (77.6) | 98 (82.4) | 30 (65.2) | 0.02 | …e |
Antiviral therapy | 122 (73.9) | 113 (95.0) | 9 (19.6) | < 0.001 | …e |
Antibiotic therapy | 133 (80.6) | 93 (78.2) | 40 (87.0) | 0.20 | …e |
Interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor therapy | 46 (27.9) | 45 (37.8) | 1 (2.2) | < 0.001 | …e |
Outcome | |||||
Discharged | 125 (75.8) | 88 (74.0) | 37 (80.4) | 0.38 | …e |
Still in hospital as of 4/23/2020f | 24 (14.6) | 20 (16.8) | 4 (8.7) | 0.18 | …e |
Died | 16 (9.7) | 11 (9.2) | 5 (10.9) | 0.75 | …e |