Fig. 2

Glycemic markers in TB and TB-DM patients and in healthy controls (a, b), and correlation of glycemic markers (c, d), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (e) and C-peptide reactivity-insulin resistance (CPR-IR) (f) with time-since–treatment in TB-DM patients. Fasting blood glucose levels (mmol/L) and HbA1c concentrations (%) were assessed in TB (n = 35) and TB-DM (n = 36) patients at enrolment and after 1, 2 and 6 months of anti-TB treatment, and once in healthy controls (n = 20). Plasma insulin levels (pg/mL) and plasma C-peptide levels (pg/mL) were assessed in TB-DM (n = 35) patients at enrolment and after 1, 2 and 6 months of anti-TB treatment. HOMA-IR was calculated using the formula: HOMA-IR = (fasting insulin [pmol/L] × fasting plasma glucose [mmol/L]) / 135). CPR-IR was calculated using the formula: CPR-IR = 20 / (fasting C-peptide [nmol/L] x fasting plasma glucose [mmol/L]). Data are presented as mean withstandard error of mean (a, b) or as mean difference with 95% confidence interval (c, d, e, f). Statistical differences were calculated using multivariate regression, adjusting for age, sex, SES score, BCG vaccination status and baseline BMI (a, b), and Friedman's test (c, d, e, f). *p < 0.05 was considered significant. BMI: body mass index; BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; SES: socio economic status