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Table 2 Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios for Associations between Risk Factors and Blood-borne Viruses’ Positive Results

From: Risk factors associated with infection of blood-borne virus among people who used methamphetamine

  

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Variable

uOR [95% CI]

aOR [95% CI]

aOR [95% CI]

aOR [95% CI]

Gender

 Male#

1

1

1

1

 Female

0.81 [0.46, 1.41]

0.82 [0.47, 1.42]

0.86 [0.45, 1.63]

0.93 [0.45, 1.95]

Age

 20–29 years#

1

1

1

1

 30–39 years

1.45 [0.50, 4.20]

1.44 [0.49, 4.23]

2.01 [0.60, 6.75]

1.58 [0.42, 5.99]

 40–49 years

3.22 * [1.02, 10.16]

3.19 [0.98, 10.36]

5.64 * [1.41, 22.62]

4.77 * [1.11, 20.55]

 50–59 years

5.45 ** [1.63, 18.26]

5.31 * [1.54, 18.24]

13.09 *** [3.21, 53.43]

10.25 ** [2.40, 43.82]

Race

 Non-Hispanic White#

1

1

1

1

 Non-Hispanic Black

2.05 * [1.06, 3.95]

1.88 [0.98, 3.62]

0.84 [0.32, 2.24]

0.77 [0.25, 2.34]

 Hispanic/Other

0.73 [0.43, 1.24]

0.95 [0.55, 1.63]

0.66 [0.37, 1.19]

0.74 [0.37, 1.46]

Poverty index

  > =2#

1

 

1

1

 1 to 1.9

2.34 ** [1.29, 4.27]

 

2.93 ** [1.44, 5.98]

2.55 * [1.19, 5.49]

 Below threshold

3.19 ** [1.62, 6.29]

 

3.68 ** [1.48, 9.17]

2.55 * [1.11, 5.86]

Health Insurance

 Yes#

1

 

1

1

 No

1.32 [0.82, 2.13]

 

1.16 [0.65, 2.07]

1.00 [0.52, 1.92]

Healthcare access

 Yes#

1

 

1

1

 No

1.27 [0.77, 2.11]

 

1.17 [0.71, 1.93]

1.11 [0.63, 1.95]

Education

  > =12 H.S. or GED#

1

 

1

1

  < 12 H.S.

2.28 ** [1.27, 4.11]

 

2.95 ** [1.44, 6.05]

3.13 ** [1.51, 6.46]

Number of sexual partners

  < 2#

1

 

1

1

  > =2

1.33 [0.85, 2.07]

 

1.84 * [1.09, 3.11]

1.41 [0.78, 2.54]

Sexual identity

 Heterosexual#

1

 

1

1

 Other

4.07 ** [1.71, 9.68]

 

4.53 ** [1.78, 11.55]

5.60 ** [1.72, 18.28]

Number of drug use

 1 [only methamphetamine]#

1

  

1

 2 [methamphetamine + heroin or cocaine]

1.74 [0.75, 4.07]

  

1.69 [0.53, 5.41]

 3 [methamphetamine + heroin and cocaine]

7.24 *** [2.93, 17.89]

  

4.24 * [1.06, 16.92]

Injection drug use

 No#

1

  

1

 Yes

5.75 *** [3.40, 9.70]

  

3.15 ** [1.61, 6.16]

Number of times use drug

  < =5 times#

1

  

1

 6–49 times

1.44 [0.71, 2.94]

  

1.09 [0.47, 2.52]

  > =50 times

2.55 ** [1.29, 5.02]

  

1.29 [0.53, 3.14]

Age started using methamphetamine

 10–17 years#

1

  

1

 18–25 years

0.77 [0.39, 1.51]

  

0.99 [0.44, 2.24]

 > =26 years

2.22 ** [1.26, 3.91]

  

2.09 * [1.01, 4.35]

  1. Abbreviations: uOR unadjusted odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, HS high school, GED General Education Development
  2. 1. # indicates reference category
  3. 2. Statistical significance: *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05