Table 1 Prevalence of enteric pathogens by age and sex demographic group

Total Samples

269

54

83

47

85

At least one pathogen positive

83.6% (78.7–87.6)

85.2% (72.7–92.5)

83.1% (73.3–89.8)

89.4% (76.4–95.6)

80.0% (70.0–87.3)

Bacteria

73.9% (68.4–78.9)

68.5% (54.7–79.7)

75.9% (65.4–84.0)

78.7% (64.4–88.3)

72.9% (62.4–81.4)

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae

38.3% (32.6–44.3)

25.9% (15.8–39.5)

51.8% (41.0–62.5)

38.3% (25.3–53.2)

32.9% (23.7–43.7)

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

35.7% (30.2–41.6)

40.7% (28.3–54.5)

30.1% (21.1–41.0)

38.3% (25.3–53.2)

36.5% (26.8–47.3)

Campylobacter

16.7% (12.7–21.7)

27.8% (17.3–41.4)

10.8% (5.7–19.7)

29.8% (18.3–44.6)

8.2% (3.9–16.4)

Shigella

16.0% (12.1–20.9)

24.1% (14.3–37.5)

14.5% (8.3–23.9)

23.4% (13.2–37.9)

8.2% (3.9–16.4)

Salmonella

3.7% (2.0–6.8)

3.7% (0.9–14.0)

2.4% (0.6–9.4)

4.3% (1.0–16.0)

4.7% (1.8–12.0)

Escherichia coli O157

2.5% (1.3–5.4)

1.9% (0.2–12.5)

2.5% (0.6–9.5)

6.4% (2.0–18.5)

1.2% (0.1–8.1)

Clostridium difficile

1.9% (0.8–4.4)

1.9% (0.2–12.5)

–

2.1% (0.3–14.3)

3.5% (1.1–10.5)

Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli

0.7% (0.2–2.9)

–

–

2.1% (0.3–14.3)

1.2% (0.02–8.1)

Yersinia enterocolitica

–

–

–

–

–

Viruses

2.2% (1.0–4.9)

5.6% (1.8–16.2)

–

2.1% (0.3–14.3)

2.4% (0.6–9.1)

Adenovirus 40/41

1.1% (0.4–3.4)

1.8% (0.2–12.5)

–

2.1% (0.3–14.3)

1.2% (0.2–8.1)

Norovirus GI/GII

0.7% (0.2–2.9)

18.5% (0.2–12.5)

–

–

1.2% (0.2–8.1)

Rotavirus A

0.4% (0.1–2.6)

1.9% (0.2–12.5)

–

–

–

Parasites

27.5% (22.5–33.2)

35.2% (23.5–49.0)

26.5% (18.0–37.2)

29.8% (18.3–44.6)

22.4% (14.6–32.6)

Cryptosporidium

27.5% (22.5–33.2)

35.2% (23.5–49.0)

26.5% (18.0–37.2)

29.8% (18.3–44.6)

22.4% (14.6–32.6)

Entamoeba histolytica

–

–

–

–

–

 No pathogens

16.4% (12.4–21.3)

14.8% (7.5–27.3)

16.9% (10.2–26.7)

10.6% (4.4–23.6)

20.0% (12.7–30.0)

 Single pathogen

38.3% (32.6–44.3)

35.2% (23.5–49.0)

41.0% (30.8–52.0)

21.3% (11.6–35.6)

47.1% (36.6–57.8)

 2 pathogens

25.6% (20.8–31.2)

18.5% (10.1–31.5)

26.5% (18.0–37.2)

36.2% (23.5–51.1)

23.5% (15.6–33.8)

 3 pathogens

14.9% (11.1–19.7)

22.2% (12.9–35.5)

12.0% (6.5–21.1)

23.5% (13.2–37.9)

8.2% (3.9–16.4)

 4 pathogens

3.7% (2.0–6.8)

7.4% (2.7–18.5)

3.6% (1.2–10.8)

6.4% (2.0–18.5)

–

 5 pathogens

0.7% (0.2–2.9)

–

–

2.1% (0.3–1.4)

1.2% (0.2–8.1)

 6 pathogens

–

–

–

–

–

 7 pathogens

–

–

–

–

–

 8 pathogens

0.4% (0.1–2.6)

1.9% (0.2–12.5)

–

–

–