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Table 1 Characteristics of the 30 neonates infected with Enterobacter cloacae in one NICU setting between January 2012 and January 2018

From: Enterobacter cloacae colonisation and infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: retrospective investigation of preventive measures implemented after a multiclonal outbreak

Basic data

 sex ratio (M/F)

17/13

 gestational age of birth (weeks)a

28.6 [24.3–41.1]

 birth weight (g)a

930 [515–3770]

 intra-uterine growth retardation, no (%)

10 (33.3%)

 antenatal corticosteroids, no (%)

26 (86.7%)

 caesarean, no (%)

25 (83.3%)

 Apgar score (5 min)a

9 [1–10]

 surgery before sepsis, no (%)

2 (6.7%)

E. cloacae in the vaginal sample of the mother, no (%)

1 (3.3%)

Sepsis data

 colonization with E. cloacae before sepsis, no (%)

4 (13.3%)

 age at the onset of sepsis (days)a

7 [0–50]

 fever, no (%)

11 (36.7%)

 respiratory signs, no (%)

21 (70%)

 hemodynamic signs, no (%)

27 (90%)

 gastrointestinal signs, no (%)

15 (50%)

 hyperglycaemia, no (%)

4 (13.3%)

 central venous line at onset, no (%)

23 (76.7%)

 CSF positive for E. cloacae, no (%)

2/18b (11%)

Evolution

 length of staya,d

47 [10–185]

 necrotizing enterocolitis, no (%)

4 (13.3%)

 death / death caused by sepsis, no (%)

12 (40%)/ 10 (33.3%)

 delay between onset of sepsis and death (days)a

3 [0–26]

Management

 central venous line removal, no (%)

7/23c (30.4%)

Antibiotics

 Carbapenem, no (%)

24 (80%)

 Cephalosporins, no (%)

24 (80%)

 Aminoglycosides, no (%)

30 (100%)

 Ciprofloxacin, no (%)

5 (16.7%)

 Piperacillin, no (%)

1 (3.3%)

 duration of antibiotic (days)a,d

15 [10–34]

  1. aValues are median [extremes]
  2. bA bacterial analysis of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) was performed in only 18 of the 30 patients
  3. cOnly 23 of the 30 patients patients had a central line at the onset of the sepsis
  4. dData are presented for the 18 patients who survived