Table 1 Summary of study instruments
Section | Definition and constructs | Internal consistency |
|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic | Age, gender, years of study, ethnic and family background, religion, and marital status | – |
Interaction with PLHIV | Ever known of someone who has HIV, ever participated in HIV courses or classroom discussion, ever participated in HIV training, and awareness of HIV-related guidelines or protocols | – |
Access to information and media | The estimated time spent on media and social media (TV, radio, internet, newspaper/magazines, Facebook, and Twitter). | Â |
Asian Value Scales | Adherence to Asian culture; conformity to norms, family recognition through achievement, emotional self-control, collectivism, humility, and filial piety. | Cronbach’s alpha = 0.898 |
Beliefs and Values Scales | Assessing the level of religiosity and spirituality among study participants | Cronbach’s alpha = 0.859 |
HIV-comprehensive knowledge | Basic knowledge of HIV and AIDS; modes of transmission, prevention method, treatment, and human rights. | Kuder-Richardson (KR)-20 = 0.762 |
HIV-nutrition specific knowledge | Nutrition care process (NCP) for HIV patients; nutrition assessment, diagnosis, intervention, monitoring and evaluation, counseling, as well as infant and young child feeding practices | |
Attitudes | Attitudes towards PLHIV measured through agreements with sixteen statements, which include willingness to treat PLHIV (8 items), personal responsibility or blame (1 item), perceived dangerousness and fear (4 items), controllability (1 item), and respect patients’ rights (2 items) | Cronbach’s alpha = 0.763 |