Evaluation of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for diagnostic accuracy of cryptococcosis

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies (n = 15)

No.	First author	Year	Geographical distribution of strains	Study design	Patient population	Sample type(s)	Sample size	Reference standard	Brand of LFA-test
1	Lindsley	2011	Thailand	prospective	HIV	Serum Urine	538	EIA	IMMY
2	Binnicker	2012	USA	prospective& retrospective	SC	Serum	634	LA	IMMY
3	McMullan	2012	Australia	retrospective	SC	Serum	106	Comprehensive reference3	IMMY
4	Escandón	2013	Colombia	retrospective	HIV	Serum	421	LA	IMMY
5	Hansen	2013	USA	prospective	SC	Serum CSF	1000	EIA	IMMY
6	Rugemalila	2013	Tanzania	prospective	SC	Serum	319	LA	IMMY
7	Boulware	2014	Uganda& South Africa	prospective& retrospective	HIV SM	CSF	666	Culture	IMMY
8	Lourens	2014	South Africa	prospective	HIV SM	CSF	465	Culture/LA	IMMY
9	Rivet-Dañon	2015	France	prospective& retrospective	IFI1 SC HIV	Serum CSF	292	LA	IMMY
10	Suwantarat	2015	America	retrospective &prospective	SC	Serum CSF	1047	EIA/Enhanced reference4	IMMY
11	Jitmuang	2016	America	retrospective	HIV-N	Serum CSF	59	LA	IMMY
12	Cáceres	2017	Colombia	retrospective	CIB2	Serum CSF	83	LA	IMMY
13	Frola	2017	Argentina	prospective	HIV	Serum	123	Comprehensive reference5	IMMY
14	Temfack	2018	Cameroon	prospective	HIV	Serum	186	EIA	IMMY
15	Drain	2019	South Africa	prospective	HIV	VWB FCB Urine	3447	EIA/Combined reference6	IMMY

HIV hunman immunodeficiency virus, SC suspected cryptococcosis, SM suspected meningitis, HIV-N HIV-negative, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, VWB venous whole blood, FCB fingerprick capillary blood, LA latex agglutination method, EIA enzyme-linked immunoassay, LFA lateral flow assay, IMMY Immuno-Mycologics. 1:patients proven or probable invasive fungal infection other than cryptococcosis; 2:patients with or without diagnosis of cryptococcosis were randomly selected from a collection of iological samples stored in the CIB’s biobank; 3:Cryptococcosis was proven if the organism was detected by one or more of ulture, histopathology or molecular tests; 4:An enhanced reference method includes data from histopathology, cytopathology, ungal culture, and patient clinical history in addition to EIA results; 5:Pathogen identification of isolates from positive blood cultures was performed using standard microbiology methods (morphological and biochemical tests); 6:A combined reference standard for either a positive CrAg EIA or latex agglutination test

ISSN: 1471-2334