|
Clinical features
|
|
Fever
|
208 (52.7)
|
1364 (52.1)
|
0.871
|
|
Cough
|
327 (82.8)
|
2368 (90.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Chest pain
|
20 (5.1)
|
244 (9.3)
|
0.004
|
|
Wheezing
|
214 (54.2)
|
1034 (39.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Cyanosis
|
89 (22.5)
|
292 (11.2)
|
<0.001
|
|
Lower extremity edema
|
98 (24.8)
|
366 (14.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
Mental confusion
|
2016 (26.8)
|
137 (5.2)
|
<0.001
|
|
RR > 24beats/min
|
62 (15.7)
|
119 (4.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
HR > 125beats/min
|
34 (8.6)
|
40 (1.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Hypotension
|
92 (23.3)
|
386 (14.8)
|
<0.001
|
|
Laboratory findings
|
|
WBC > 10,000/mm3(n = 2944)
|
172 (45.1)
|
762 (29.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
The rate of NE(n = 2917)
|
0.8 ± 0.2
|
0.7 ± 0.1
|
<0.001
|
|
The rate of L(n = 2890)
|
0.1 ± 0.1
|
0.2 ± 0.6
|
0.007
|
|
NE/L(n = 2889)
|
14.3 ± 16.5
|
7.1 ± 9.4
|
<0.001
|
|
HCT<30%(n = 2874)
|
86 (22.9)
|
310 (12.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Cr > 123.76 umol/L (n = 2878)
|
68 (18.2)
|
217 (8.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
Glucose> 14 mmol/L(n = 2757)
|
19 (5.5)
|
68 (2.8)
|
0.013
|
|
Na<130 mmol/L(n = 2890)
|
55 (14.7)
|
141 (5.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
BUN> 7 mmol/L(n = 2887)
|
202 (53.6)
|
689 (27.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
PH<7.3(n = 1884)
|
24 (7.7)
|
21 (1.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
PaO2/FiO2<200 mmHg(n = 1857)
|
70 (23.0)
|
138 (5.9)
|
<0.001
|
|
Albumin<25 g/L(n = 2863)
|
57 (15.7)
|
154 (6.2)
|
<0.001
|
|
Complications
|
|
Respiratory failure
|
329 (83.3)
|
196 (7.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
60 (15.2)
|
45 (1.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
Acute heart failure
|
151 (38.2)
|
199 (7.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
Acute myocardial infarction
|
24 (6.1)
|
9 (0.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
Acute liver failure
|
27 (6.8)
|
17 (0.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
Acute renal failure
|
63 (15.9)
|
14 (0.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Stroke
|
17 (4.3)
|
15 (0.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
DIC
|
4 (1.0)
|
1 (0)
|
0.001
|
|
Gastrointestinal bleeding
|
47 (11.9)
|
21 (0.8)
|
<0.001
|
|
Thromboembolic disease
|
4 (1.0)
|
13 (0.5)
|
0.266
|
|
Radiology findings on CT
|
|
Multilobe infiltration (n = 3011)
|
193 (48.9)
|
1181 (45.1)
|
0.178
|
|
Pleural effusion (n = 3011)
|
146 (37.0)
|
603 (23.1)
|
<0.001
|
