Variables | Total (n = 693) | Deceased group (n = 136) | Survival group (n = 557) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male (n,) | 461 (66.5) | 92 (67.6) | 369 (66.2) | 0.757 |
Age (median, IQR, years) | 61.0 (36.0–73.0) | 61.5 (28.0–76.0) | 59.0 (36.0–72.0) | 0.963 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (n, %)a | 48 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 48 (8.6) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities (n, %) | ||||
 Hypertension | 252 (36.4) | 48 (35.3) | 204 (36.6) | 0.772 |
 Cardiovascular diseasea | 136 (19.6) | 48 (35.3) | 88 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 92 (13.3) | 14 (10.3) | 78 (14.0) | 0.253 |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 72 (10.4) | 10 (7.4) | 62 (11.1) | 0.195 |
 COPDa | 40 (5.8) | 3 (2.2) | 37 (6.6) | 0.047 |
 Asthma | 19 (2.7) | 2 (1.5) | 17 (3.1) | 0.222 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 16 (2.3) | 6 (4.4) | 10 (1.8) | 0.133 |
 Malignant solid tumor | 16 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (2.9) | 0.193 |
 Smoking historya | 243 (35.1) | 68 (50.0) | 175 (31.4) | < 0.001 |
Clinical and radiologic characteristics (n, %) | ||||
 Respiratory rates ≥30 times/min | 121 (17.5) | 25 (18.4) | 96 (17.2) | 0.752 |
 Confusiona | 32 (4.6) | 32 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
 SBP < 90 mmHg | 8 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (1.4) | 0.338 |
 Leukocytes > 10 × 109/L a | 118 (17.0) | 42 (30.9) | 76 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
 Lymphocytes < 0.8 × 109/L a | 299/677 (44.2) | 120 (88.2) | 179/541 (33.1) | < 0.001 |
 Hb < 100 g/La | 69 (10.0) | 34 (25.0) | 35 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
 ALB < 35 g/L | 58/639 (9.1) | 12/131 (9.2) | 46/508 (9.1) | 0.970 |
 BUN > 7 mmol/La | 183/685 (26.7) | 97 (71.3) | 86/549 (15.7) | < 0.001 |
 BG > 11 mmol/L | 48 (6.9) | 8 (5.9) | 40 (7.2) | 0.397 |
 Arterial pH < 7.35a | 120/639 (18.8) | 60/136 (44.1) | 60/503 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
 pO2/FiO2 ≤ 250 mmHg a | 172/639 (26.9) | 28/136 (20.6) | 144/503 (28.6) | 0.061 |
 Pleural effusiona | 120 (17.3) | 36 (26.5) | 84 (15.1) | < 0.001 |
Early NAI usea (n, %)a | 232 (33.5) | 60 (43.4) | 172 (30.9) | 0.003 |
Duration from illness onset to NAI use (days, median, IQR)a | 3.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.5 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (1.0–4.0) | 0.004 |
Systemic corticosteroid use (n, %)a | 132 (19.0) | 60 (44.1) | 72 (12.9) | < 0.001 |
Coinfection with other pathogens (n, %)a | 265 (38.2) | 84 (61.8) | 181 (32.5) | < 0.001 |