Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies
Author and publication year | Country | Study design | Name/ number of prison(s) | Intervention year | Laboratory diagnostic method | Outcome reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abebe et al., 2011 [32] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Jijiga, Dire Dawa, and Harar | 2008 | Direct smear microscopy and culture | Active TB |
Adane et al., 2016 [33] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Axum, Mychew, Adwa, Adigrat, Shire, Humera, Alamata, Mekelle, and Wukro | 2014 | Acid fast bacilli microscopy and culture | Active TB |
Adane et al., 2019 [62] | Ethiopia | Cluster-randomized trial | Mekelle, Shire, Adawa, Abi Addi, Humera, Adigrat, Maichew, Alamata, Wukro, Axum, Dessie, Woldia, Fenote Selam, Debre Markos, Debre Tabor, and Bahir Dar. | 2017 | Clinical re-evaluation based on physician’s judgment, Xpert MTB/RIF assay with new sample, Culture and drug susceptibility testing, and chest X-ray | Active TB |
Addis et al., 2015 [34] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Gondar Prison | 2008 | Acid fast staining technique | Active TB |
Adesokan et al., 2014 [35] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | Agodi prison | 2013 | Löwenstein-Jensen slopes with pyruvate and/or glycerol | Active TB |
Agajie et al., 2018 [36] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Metekel, Assosa, and Inkamash | 2018 | Gene expert | Active TB |
Ali et al., 2015 [37] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Ambo, Asebeteferi, Asella, Bonga, Dilla, Harar, Jimma, Mizan, Nekemte, Shashemene, Sodo, Wolkite, and Yabelo | 2013 | Smear microscopy and solid culture | Active TB |
Banda et al., 2009 [38] | Malawi | Cross-sectional study | Zomba Central, Chichiri, Maula, Chitipa, Karonga, Mzuzu, Ntcheu, Mwanza, Mikuyu, Nkhota-kota, Mulanje, Nkhata-bay, Kasungu, Chikwawa, Mzimba, Mpsyupsyu, Mangochi, and Domasi | 2005 | Sputum smear microscopy | Active TB |
Biadglegne et al., 2014 [39] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Debrebrihan, Dessie, Woldia, Gondar, Debiretab, Bahir Dar, Fenoteselam, and Debremarkos | 2013 | Acid fast bacilli microscopy | Active TB |
Chigbu et al., 2010 [60] | Nigeria | Cohort study | Aba Federal Prison | 2007 | Sputum-smear microscopy and sputum culture and tuberculin skin testing | Active TB and LTBI |
Ekundayo et al., 2015 [41] | Nigeria | Cross-sectional study | Aba Federal Prison | 2015 | Sputum smear microscopy | Active TB |
Diendere et al., 2011 [40] | Burkina Faso | Cross-sectional study | Ouagadougou prison | 2009 | BAAR detection was performed by direct examination of sputum | Active TB |
Fuge et al., 2016 [42] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Hadiya Zone prison | 2013 | Compound light microscopy | Active TB |
Gebrecherkos et al., 2016 [43] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Debark, Dabat, Chilga, and Gondar towns of North Gondar zone | 2015 | Acid fast bacilli and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay | Active TB |
Beza et al., 2017 [44] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Motta, Bichena, and Debre Markos | 2016 | Gene Xpert MTB/RIF | Active TB |
Habeenzu et al., 2007 [45] | Zambia | Cross-sectional study | Central Lusaka, Kamwala Remand Lusaka, Mwenbeshi Open Air, Mazabuka District, Monze Open Air Choma State, Kalamo District, Livingstone Central, Mukobeko Maximum Kabwe, Mukobeko Medium Kabwe, Mpima Kabwe, Kansenshi Ndola, and Kanfinsa Kitwe | 2001 | Cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed by the resistance ratio method | Active TB |
Harris et al., 2014 [61] | Zambia | Cohort study | Lusaka Central Prison | 2011 | Lowenstein-Jensen medium, liquid Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube 960 System, BD Microbiology Systems, and culture. Species identification and drug susceptibility testing performed with Genotype MTBDRplus | Active TB |
Henostroza et al., 2013 [46] | Zambia | Cross-sectional study | Lusaka Central Prison | 2011 | Digital X-ray/sputum smear microscopy, LED fluorescence, Lowenstein-Jensen Medium) culture. | Active TB |
Kalonji et al., 2016 [47] | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Cross-sectional study | Mbuji-Mayi Central Prison | 2015 | Clinical examination and bacteriological tests | Active TB |
Karamagi et al., 2018 [48] | Uganda | Cross-sectional study | 16 central and farm prisons (Names not specified) | 2017 | Combined quality improvement with facility-led active case finding (QI-ACF) | Active TB |
Kayomo et al., 2018 [49] | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Cross-sectional study | Mbuji-Mayi Central Prison | 2015 | Xpert MTB/RIF assay | Active TB |
Kwabla et al., 2015 [50] | Ghana | Cross-sectional study | Ho Prison | 2014 | Sputum smear microscopy | Active TB |
Maggard et al., 2015 [51] | Zambia | Cross-sectional study | Lusaka Central Prison, Livingstone Central Prison, Kabwe Prison Complex, | 2011 | Fluorescence microscopy, cultures, X-rays and physical examinations. | Active TB |
Merid et al., 2018 [52] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Hawassa prison | 2016 | Acid-fast bacilli, smear microscopy and molecular diagnostic testing (Xpert® MTB/RIF) | Active TB |
Noeske et al., 2006 [53] | Cameroon | Cross-sectional study | New Bell Central Prison of Douala | 2004 | Smear microscopy and/or culture | Active TB |
Owokuhaisa et al., 2014 [54] | Uganda | Cross-sectional study | Mbarara Central prison located in Kiswahili cell Mbarara | 2012 | Ziehl-Neelsen technique | Active TB |
Seri et al., 2017 [55] | Coˆte d’Ivoire | Cross-sectional study | three buildings of MACA: the men’s longterm detention building, the women’s detention building, and the infirmary inpatients ward | 2015 | Systematic direct smear microscopy, culture and chest X-ray) | Active TB |
Telisinghe et al., 2014 [56] | South Africa | Cross-sectional study | Male’s prison block housing sentenced prisoners | 2010 | Chest radiograph and two spot sputum specimens for microscopy and culture. | Active TB |
Winsa et al., 2015 [57] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | Bedele woreda prison | 2012 | Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique | Active TB |
Zerdo et al., 2014 [58] | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional study | The three prisons of Gamo Goffa Zone | 2012 | Sputum smear microscopy and culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media | Active TB |
Zishiri et al., 2015 [59] | South Africa | Cross-sectional study | 4 facilities (2 large and 2 smaller) | 2013 | GeneXpert MTB/Rif) | Active TB |