High burden of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among key populations in Mozambique: the urgent need for an integrated surveillance system

Table 5 Unweighted pooled estimate of risk factors associated with self-reported syndromic STIs among People Who Inject Drugs (N = 492), Mozambique 2014

Variables	Prevalence		Crude Odds Ratio			Adjusted Odds Ratio
Variables	n/N	(%)	OR	95% CI	p-value	aOR	95% CI	p-value
Survey City
Maputo	46/353	13.0	7.0	4.4–11.0	< 0.001	REF
Nampula/Nacala	71/139	51.1				4.8	2.3–10.3	< 0.001
Sex
Female	6/25	24.0	1.0	0.4–2.6	0.979	1.4	0.4–5.0	0.576
Male	111/467	23.8	REF			REF
Age (years)
18–24	32/92	34.8	2.0	1.2–3.2	0.007	1.0	0.5–2.3	0.955
25 and over	85/400	21.3	REF			REF
Marital Status
Single or never married	54/289	18.7	REF
Married/Co-habiting	34/103	33.0	2.1	1.3–3.6	0.056	1.6	0.8–3.4	0.947
Other (widowed, divorced or separated)	29/100	29.0	1.8	1.1–3.0	0.448	2.4	1.2–5.0	0.055
Education Level
No education or Primary level education	37/210	17.6	REF
Secondary education or higher	80/281	28.5	1.9	1.2–2.9	0.006	0.9	0.5–1.7	0.849
Circumcised (Males only, n = 193)
Yes	89/307	29.0	2.6	1.5–4.3	< 0.001
No	22/160	13.8	REF
HIV infection
Positive	44/204	21.6	0.8	0.5–1.2	0.222	1.6	0.8–3.0	0.197
Negative	64/241	26.6	REF			REF
Comprehensive prevention services**
Yes	41/78	52.6	4.9	3.0–8.2	< 0.001	2.3	1.2–4.5	0.011
No	76/414	18.4	REF			REF
Phyisical Violence^a
Yes	22/77	28.6	1.3	0.8–2.3	0.283
Never	95/415	22.9	REF
Sexual Violence^a,b
Yes	1/6	16.7	0.6	0.1–5.5	0.684
No	116/486	23.9	REF
Experienced stigma^a
Yes	39/84	27.4	3.8	2.3–6.2	< 0.001	1.0	0.5–1.9	0.974
No	72/387	14.7	REF			REF
Condom use at last sexual encounter
Yes	36/173	20.8	1.7	0.9–3.3	0.957	1.0	0.4–2.4	0.888
No	67/214	31.3	2.9	1.6–5.5	< 0.001	1.1	0.5–2.7	0.726
Not sexually active	14/104	13.5	REF			REF
Received drugs in exchange for sex
Yes	27/67	40.3	2.5	1.5–4.3	0.001	2.2	1.0–4.7	0.040
No	90/424	21.2	REF			REF

^a Last 12 m (PWID)
^b Fishers exact test
**Comprehensive prevention services refers to peer education & Information education and communication (IEC) materials

ISSN: 1471-2334