High fecal carriage of extended Beta Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae among adult patients admitted in referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Table 4 Univariate and Multivariate analysis of factors associated with fecal carriage of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae

Characteristics	N = 129	n (%) =117	Proportion of ESBL carriage
			Univariate		Multivariate
			cOR (95%)	p value	aOR (95%)	p value
Gender			1^a
Male	48	43 (89.6)
Female	81	74 (91.4)	1.23 (0.37–4.11)	0.74
Age group in years
	116	105 (90.5)	1^a
	13	12 (92.3)	1.26 (0.15–10.60)	0.83
Antibiotic use in the past 3 months
No	16	10 (62.5)	1^a
Yes	113	107 (94.7)	10.7 (2.90–39.42)	0.00	14.65 (3.07–69.88)	0.01
Hospitalization in the past 3 months
No	87	78 (89.7)	1^a
Yes	42	39 (92.9)	1.50 (0.38–5.86)	0.56
Invasive procedures in the past 3 months
No	95	87 (88.4)	1^a
Surgery	13	12 (92.3)	1.26 (0.15–10.61)	0.83
Catheterization	21	18 (85.7)	1.833 (0.45–7.43)	0.4
Chronic disease
No	120	90 (75.0)	1^a
Yes (HIV/AIDS, PTB, Diabetes)	29	27 (92.3)	1.30 (0.27–6.28)	0.75

N: Total number of patients subjected to confirmatory ESBL test, n: number of patients confirmed to carry ESBL producing pathogens, 1^a: reference category, cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, PTB Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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