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Table 2 Diagnosis and treatment outcomes by baseline LAM status among patients not on anti-TB treatment at study entry (n = 468)

From: Determine TB-LAM point-of-care tuberculosis assay predicts poor outcomes in outpatients during their first year of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa

 

All patients

(n = 468)

LAM positive

(n = 38)

LAM Negative/TB diagnosis

(n = 111)

LAM Negative/No TB diagnosis

(n = 319)

P-value*

Tuberculosis diagnoses within  one year of ART

 TB diagnosis (microbiological or clinical)

  Yes

140 (29.9)

29 (76.3)

111 (100)

0

< 0.001

  No

328 (70.1)

9 (23.7)

0

319 (100)

 

  Time to TB diagnosis (median [IQR] in days; microbiological or clinical)a

14 (2–36)

5 (0–13)

16 (3–45)

–

0.005

 TB diagnosis (microbiologically-proven only)

  Yes

79 (16.9)

15 (39.5)

64 (57.7)

0

0.053

  No

389 (83.1)

23 (60.5)

47 (42.3)

319 (100)

 

  Time to TB diagnosis (median [IQR] in days; microbiologically-proven only)b

15 (3–36)

5 (2–13)

21 (3–41)

–

0.025

 TB diagnosis (clinical only)

  Yes

61 (13.0)

14 (36.8)

47 (42.3)

0

0.55

  No

407 (87.0)

24 (63.2)

64 (57.7)

319 (100)

 

  Time to TB diagnosis (median [IQR] in days; clinical only)c

14 (0–36)

4 (0–18)

15 (1–70)

–

0.10

TB and HIV treatment

 Started TB treatment (within one year of study entry among all patients)

  Yes#

134 (28.6)

25 (65.8)

109 (98.2)

0

< 0.001

  No

334 (71.6)

13 (34.2)

2 (1.8)

319 (100)

 

  Time to initiation of TB treatment (median [IQR] in days)d

17 (5–42)

7 (1–14)

23 (7–51)

–

0.001

 TB treatment outcomes (among those starting within one year of study entry)d

  Completed

94 (70.7)

16 (64.0)

78 (72.2)

–

0.53

  Did not complete

9 (6.8)

1 (4.0)

8 (7.4)

–

 

  Died on therapy

19 (14.3)

6 (24.0)

13 (12.0)

  

  Unknown

11 (8.3)

2 (8.0)

9 (8.3)

–

 

 Started ART (within one year of study entry)e

     

  Yes

430 (91.9)

27 (71.1)

105 (94.6)

298 (93.4)

< 0.001

  No

38 (8.1)

11 (29.0)

6 (5.4)

21 (6.6)

 

  Time to initiation of ART (median [IQR] in days)e

15 (11–25)

23 (14–32)

21 (14–35)

14 (9–22)

< 0.001

 ART status within one year of study entry (among those who started)e

  On ART, no switch, did not default

344 (80.0)

22 (81.5)

85 (81.0)

237 (79.5)

0.95

  On ART, switched

32 (7.4)

3 (11.1)

8 (7.6)

21 (7.1)

 

  Off ART, defaulted

50 (11.6)

2 (7.4)

11 (10.5)

37 (12.4)

 

  Unknown

4 (0.9)

0

1 (1.0)

3 (1.0)

 
  1. *In analyses restricted to among patients with microbiologically-confirmed TB (n = 79), p-values reference the comparison between LAM positive patients and LAM negative, TB-positive patients only
  2. Abbreviations: ART antiretroviral therapy, TB tuberculosis
  3. an = 140; bn = 79;cn = 61;dn = 133en = 430
  4. #6 patients with a TB diagnosis within one year of study entry were not known to have started TB therapy, 3 patients had unknown TB treatment status (1 LAM positive), 3 patients died prior to starting TB therapy (3 LAM positive)