Seroprevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B infection among the hill tribe adult population in Thailand: a cross-sectional study

Upala, Panupong; Apidechkul, Tawatchai; Tamornpark, Ratipark; Chomchoei, Chalitar; Yeemard, Fartima

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05221-1

Table 2 Identifications of health behaviors by sex

From: Seroprevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B infection among the hill tribe adult population in Thailand: a cross-sectional study

Health behaviors	Total		Male		Female		χ² (p-value)
Health behaviors	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ² (p-value)
Alcohol use
No	927	62.2	370	63.2	557	61.5	0.47 (0.492)
Yes	564	37.8	215	36.8	349	38.5	0.47 (0.492)
Methamphetamine use
No	1441	96.6	567	96.9	874	96.5	0.23 (0.634)
Yes	50	3.4	18	3.1	32	3.5	0.23 (0.634)
Heroin use
No	1484	99.5	581	99.3	903	99.7	0.95 (0.331)
Yes	7	0.5	4	0.7	3	0.3	0.95 (0.331)
Opium use
Yes	1440	96.6	559	95.6	881	97.2	3.01 (0.080)
No	51	3.4	26	4.4	25	2.8	3.01 (0.080)
Marijuana use
Yes	1460	97.9	571	97.6	889	98.1	0.47 (0.495)
No	31	2.1	14	2.4	17	1.9	0.47 (0.495)
Tattooed
No	1317	88.3	464	79.3	853	94.2	75.88 (< 0.001^a)
Yes	174	11.7	121	20.7	53	5.8	75.88 (< 0.001^a)
Ear piercing
No	699	46.9	504	86.2	195	21.5	596.26 (< 0.001^a)
Yes	792	53.1	81	13.8	711	78.5	596.26 (< 0.001^a)
History of blood transfusion					881	60.9
No	1446	97.0	565	96.5	881	97.2	0.53 (0.467)
Yes	45	3.0	20	3.4	25	2.8	0.53 (0.467)
History of organ transplantation
No	1468	98.5	573	97.9	895	98.8	1.64 (0.200)
Yes	23	1.5	12	2.1	11	1.2	1.64 (0.200)
History of medical surgery
No	1325	88.9	534	91.3	791	87.3	5.68 (0.017^a)
Yes	166	11.1	51	8.7	115	12.7	5.68 (0.017^a)
Drug injection from unqualified health professional
No	1442	96.7	559	95.6	883	97.5	4.06 (0.044^a)
Yes	49	3.3	26	4.4	23	2.5	4.06 (0.044^a)
Acupuncture
No	1377	92.4	544	93.0	833	91.9	0.55 (0.457)
Yes	114	7.6	41	7.0	73	8.1	0.55 (0.457)
Sharing toothbrush
No	1384	92.8	527	90.1	857	94.6	10.84 (0.001^a)
Yes	107	7.2	58	9.9	49	5.4	10.84 (0.001^a)
History of receiving HBV vaccine
Yes	78	5.2	113	19.3	140	15.5	4.55 (0.208)
No	1059	71.0	313	53.5	515	56.8
Not sure	192	12.9	105	17.9	175	19.3
Don’t know	162	10.9	54	9.2	76	8.4

^aSignificance level at α = 0.05

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