Table 1 Case reports of invasive fungal infections due to Conidiobolus spp.
Year of publication, region/country (reference) | Underlying conditions | Organs affected | Species | Treatment (dose), duration and outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1970, West Virginia (USA) | 1 year-old male, no underlying conditions | Mediastinum, lungs, pericardium | C. incongruus | Deoxycholate amphotericin B (1 mg/kg/day), 10 weeks Outcome: cure |
1983, Thailand [5] | 20 year-old female, no underlying conditions | Soft tissues (breast), lungs, mediastinum, liver, gastro-intestinal tract | C. incongruus | Co-trimoxazole (2 g/day), duration NS Outcome: death |
1990, Texas (USA) [8] | 29 year-old male, cocaine abuse | Endocardium, blood, skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, muscles | Conidiobolus spp. | None Outcome: death |
1992, Mississippi (USA) [12] | 64 year-old male, kidney transplantation | Lungs, myocardium, brain, kidney, thyroid | C. coronatus | Deoxycholate amphotericin B (50 mg every other day), until death Outcome: death |
1994, Maryland (USA) [13] | 32 year-old female, lymphocytic lymphoma with leukemic transformation (neutropenia) | Lungs, pericardium | C. incongruus | Deoxycholate amphotericin B (0.5 mg/kg/day, then 1.5 mg/kg/day) and flucytosine (150 mg/kg/day), until death Surgery Outcome: death |
2009, India [11] | 10 year-old female, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Sinus, soft tissues (facial) | C. coronatus | Amphotericin B (NS), until death Surgery Outcome: death |
2010, Germany [14] | 78 year-old female, myelodysplastic syndrome | Sinus, soft tissues (facial), brain | C. incongruus | Liposomal amphotericin B (200 mg/day), until death Surgery Outcome: death |
2011, Japan [9] | 61 year-old male, mantle cell lymphoma, allogeneic HSCT | Lungs, heart, spleen, kidney, bladder, thyroid | C. lamprauges | Micafungin (150 mg/day) and liposomal amphotericin B (2.5 mg/kg/day), then intravenous voriconazole (6 mg/kg/day on day 1, then 4 mg/kg/day) and micafungin (150 mg/day), until death Outcome: death |
2018, Wisconsin (USA) [6] | 15 year-old male, B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (neutropenia) | Sinus, lungs | C. coronatus | Liposomal amphotericin B (10 mg/kg/day) and anidulafungin (1.5 mg/kg/day) and oral terbinafine (250 mg twice per day), duration NS Surgery, granulocyte transfusion Outcome: cure |
2019, Switzerland (present case) | 71 year-old, acute myeloid leukemia (neutropenia) | Lungs | Conidiobolus spp. | Caspofungin (70 mg/day on day 1, then 50 mg/day), then liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg/day), then oral isavuconazole (200 mg three times per day on day 1 and 2, then 200 mg/day), 2 months Surgery Outcome: cure |