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Table 4 Quality assessment of observational studies based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale

From: Comparing clinical outcomes of piperacillin-tazobactam administration and dosage strategies in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Selection

Comparability

Outcome

Score

 

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

 

Grant 2002 [13] (p)

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9*

Lodise 2007 [16] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9*

Lorente 2009 [18] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9*

Rose 2011 [35] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9*

Yost 2011 [21] (R)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8*

Pereira 2012 [23] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

*

*

*

9*

Lee 2012 [24] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

–

*

*

8*

Waxier 2012 [25] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

–

*

*

8*

Cutro 2014 [27] (R)

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

8*

Schmees 2016 [31] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

–

*

*

8*

Winstead 2016 [30] (R)

*

*

*

*

**

–

*

*

8*

Fan 2017 [34] (P)

*

*

*

*

**

–

*

*

8*

  1. (P) = prospective cohort study and (R) = retrospective cohort study
  2. Selection:
  3. A: representation of the exposed cohort (yes = *) (no = −), B: selection of non-exposed cohort (yes = *) (no = −), C: ascertainment of exposure (yes = *) (no = −), D: demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study (yes = *) (no = −)
  4. Comparability:
  5. E: comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis [controls for: age, sex and marital status (yes = *) (no = −) and for other factors (yes = *) (no = −)]
  6. Outcome:
  7. F: assessment of outcome (yes = *) (no = −), G: was follow up long enough for outcome to occur (yes = *) (no = −) and H: adequacy of follow up of cohorts (yes = *) (no = −).