From: Ultrasound in managing extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized controlled two-center study
Positive eFASH | Multiple hypoechogenic lesions in the spleen or liver |
Pericardial effusion and no other clinical explanation | |
Pleural effusion and no clinical or sonographic sign for heart failure (i.e normal V cava) | |
Subpleural echogenic granular artefacts and B-lines | |
abdominal, axillary, nuchal or cervical lymphnodes > 1.5 cm and no other clinical explanation for it | |
Thickened ileum wall (> 4 mm) and loss of wall architecture and at least one another eFASH sign | |
Ascites and at least one another eFASH sign | |
Chest X-ray with typical signs for tuberculosis | Cavernous lesion, upper-lobe infiltrate or miliary pattern |
Positive microbiological result from any site | Positive Xpert MTB/RIF® assay and/or culture in sputum, pleural fluid, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine; |
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) ≥40 U/ml in pleural fluid, [21], ADA ≥ 35 U/ml in ascetic fluid [22], or ADA ≥35 U/ml in pericardial fluid [5]; | |
Positive fine needle aspiration result of lymph nodes (Xpert MTB/RIF® assay, culture, cytomorphology, identification of acid fast bacilli) |