| Characteristics | Intervention | Control | |
|---|
| N = 25 (%) | N = 16 (%) | p-valuec |
|---|
| Gender | | | 0.34 |
| Male | 14 (56.0) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Female | 11 (44.0) | 10 (62.5) | |
| Agea | | | 0.53 |
| ≥ 74 years old | 11 (44.0) | 9 (56.3) | |
| < 74 years old | 14 (56.0) | 7 (43.7) | |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score | | | 0.12 |
| ≥ 8 points | 7 (28.0) | 1 (6.3) | |
| < 8 points | 18 (72.0) | 15 (93.7) | |
| Education level | | | 0.34 |
| ≥ high school | 14 (56.0) | 6 (37.5) | |
| < high school | 11 (44.0) | 10 (62.5) | |
| History of pneumonia | | | 1.00 |
| Yes | 19 (76.0) | 12 (75.0) | |
| No | 6 (24.0) | 4 (25.0) | |
| Diabetes | | | 0.33 |
| Yes | 9 (36.0) | 9 (56.3) | |
| No | 16 (64.0) | 7 (43.7) | |
| Hypertension | | | 0.31 |
| Yes | 16 (64.0) | 13 (81.3) | |
| No | 9 (36.0) | 3 (18.7) | |
| Chronic renal disease | | | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3 (12.0) | 1 (6.3) | |
| No | 22 (88.0) | 15 (93.7) | |
| Food intake | | | 0.15d |
| Oral | 0 (0.0) | 2 (12.5) | |
| Nasogastric tube | 24 (96.0) | 14 (87.5) | |
| Gastrostomy | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Body mass indexb | | | 0.29 |
| ≥ 18.5 | 20 (80.0) | 10 (62.5) | |
| < 18.5 | 5 (20.0) | 6 (37.5) | |
- aThe median age in the control group was used as the cutoff for dividing the residents into two age groups; bThe body mass index of 18.5 was used as the cutoff for dividing the residents with and without underweight; cFisher’s exact test; dOral vs. non-oral (nasogastric tube + gastrostomy) by Fisher’s exact test
