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Table 5 Antibiotics prescribed among patients with severe infections at two private sector hospitals from 2007 to 2018

From: Antibiotic prescribing among patients with severe infectious diseases in two private sector hospitals in Central India – a time series analysis over 10 years

 

Antibiotic prescribing in DDDs per 1000 patient days

%

Slope, ta

P-value

Year

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

   

Cellulitis NTH

J01CR

4.12

4.44

0.73

4.78

3.17

4.90

5.77

4.33

3.24

7.11

16

2.32

0.02

J01D

13.11

9.01

1.98

11.52

5.09

4.28

12.50

7.54

14.18

3.06

32

6.33

< 0.01

J01R

6.53

5.60

3.12

2.60

4.70

3.46

3.01

6.78

6.12

1.84

17

6.97

< 0.01

J01X

9.25

15.76

3.68

3.34

1.30

1.05

1.62

1.08

1.42

1.48

15

3.31

< 0.01

Cellulitis TH

J01CR

10.84

7.45

4.24

7.14

9.47

8.99

10.07

8.03

16.29

13.33

19

4.91

< 0.01

J01D

4.48

6.01

9.32

6.22

4.76

4.66

6.87

6.53

9.98

2.10

12

5.58

< 0.01

J01G

9.33

13.53

9.11

9.26

14.55

10.47

10.01

6.37

15.64

5.45

21

0.44

0.66

J01M

10.20

8.70

3.35

5.66

9.00

4.51

4.30

3.31

9.11

6.22

13

2.66

< 0.01

J01X

6.53

3.70

7.38

6.50

6.86

10.22

7.89

3.84

9.17

3.91

13

2.27

0.02

Peritonitis NTH

J01CR

3.71

4.26

3.85

10.23

3.06

5.70

4.45

5.89

5.67

4.40

16

4.98

< 0.01

J01D

26.28

6.43

4.54

4.34

10.36

7.35

1.41

7.78

8.04

5.06

25

1.34

0.18

J01R

8.58

6.14

5.29

5.55

5.01

1.14

3.09

5.02

6.19

1.40

15

8.67

< 0.01

J01X

16.03

11.72

11.64

9.09

4.57

2.49

1.58

1.81

3.54

1.97

20

10.95

< 0.01

Peritonitis TH

J01CR

5.84

4.39

6.68

5.55

10.92

9.13

16.54

13.44

13.36

5.35

15

10.16

< 0.01

J01D

4.00

4.95

9.63

9.44

6.87

2.76

6.04

7.64

15.87

7.73

12

17.55

< 0.01

J01G

10.08

4.65

11.08

9.94

11.84

6.49

11.43

11.87

8.64

4.08

15

8.13

< 0.01

J01M

16.05

10.72

3.27

6.40

11.99

5.83

11.60

12.86

15.42

3.56

16

2.92

< 0.01

J01X

15.75

9.55

16.85

17.73

15.44

13.92

22.64

17.30

23.05

5.24

26

8.69

< 0.01

Pneumonia NTH

J01CR

11.54

5.01

4.05

4.27

4.95

4.61

5.96

5.79

8.79

8.17

29

−0.91

0.36

J01D

7.75

6.92

4.22

8.53

3.24

2.95

1.37

4.44

4.23

4.18

22

−1.38

0.17

J01M

1.00

0.49

0.47

0.50

2.41

0.83

3.98

7.34

3.47

1.18

10

2.54

0.01

J01R

5.74

4.61

3.51

2.55

4.21

4.76

5.27

4.61

3.72

4.82

20

5.65

< 0.01

Pneumonia TH

J01A

16.44

11.85

14.23

8.45

13.76

10.18

7.21

2.91

2.25

18.79

25

1.81

0.07

J01CR

8.45

12.64

10.66

1.91

8.26

15.71

20.02

19.21

15.38

13.27

30

6.65

< 0.01

J01D

3.85

6.01

5.04

10.91

7.24

4.65

3.94

3.81

15.31

20.74

19

12.87

< 0.01

J01M

15.87

9.36

8.72

5.72

3.88

2.04

1.61

1.77

4.65

7.44

14

1.89

0.06

Sepsis NTH

J01CR

5.05

3.90

2.13

1.97

2.23

2.55

3.01

6.90

3.47

6.66

21

1.10

0.27

J01D

10.74

7.47

1.19

3.27

4.63

3.86

4.77

6.37

4.29

1.70

27

−4.67

< 0.01

J01R

7.55

3.66

1.71

1.33

2.09

3.36

1.84

3.07

2.63

2.76

17

3.17

< 0.01

J01X

12.22

6.54

4.51

0.99

0.79

0.00

1.28

1.02

0.72

0.00

16

−6.07

< 0.01

Sepsis TH

J01A

14.61

7.67

9.59

1.83

4.31

2.95

4.26

0.00

0.00

3.13

11

−5.50

< 0.01

J01CR

1.84

11.18

27.87

2.76

5.09

1.83

8.04

7.09

7.79

7.09

19

−5.07

< 0.01

J01D

1.37

5.48

8.48

3.03

5.87

3.79

12.27

5.57

7.21

4.89

13

−5.20

< 0.01

J01M

11.51

1.75

14.45

11.32

3.13

0.11

4.75

0.91

2.81

3.62

13

−8.49

< 0.01

J01X

8.95

12.93

15.34

7.08

9.18

6.36

12.60

0.91

6.00

4.07

19

−15.48

< 0.01

  1. Notes: Antibiotics presented comprise ≥ 75% of the total antibiotic prescribing within each diagnosis group. Numbers are presented in total antibiotic prescribing of antibiotic groups for each year, measured in DDD/1000 patient days and percentage of the total prescribing of antibiotics for each diagnosis and hospitals during the study period. a t is obtained by linear regression, a positive t shows a positive trend and a negative t shows a negative trend of prescribing. Statistically significant p-values indicates a significant trend and are marked in bold font
  2. Abbreviations: DDD Defined daily doses, NTH Non-teaching hospital, TH Teaching hospital