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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of 76 patients (from case reports)

From: Prevalence and risk factors related to poor outcome of patients with severe Plasmodium vivax infection: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and analysis of case reports

Clinical Characteristics

Frequency (percent)

Year of publication

 - ≤ 2010

38 (50)

 - > 2010

38 (50)

Age, mean (SD)

30.1 (11.5)

Impaired consciousness

 - Yes

21 (27.6)

 - No

25 (22.4)

Pulmonary edema

 - Yes

3 (3.9)

 - No

73 (96.1)

Renal failure

 - Yes

28 (36.8)

 - No

48 (63.2)

Severe anemia

 - Yes

8 (10.5)

 - No

68 (89.5)

Bleeding

 - Yes

8 (10.5)

 - No

68 (89.5)

Jaundice

 - Yes

19 (25)

 - No

57 (75)

Acidosis

 - Yes

4 (5.3)

 - No

72 (94.7)

Hyperparasitemia

 - Yes

2 (2.6)

 - No

74 (97.4)

Respiratory distress

 - Yes

22 (28.9)

 - No

54 (71.1)

Convulsion

 - Yes

8 (10.5)

 - No

68 (89.5)

Prostration

 - Yes

1 (1.3)

 - No

75 (98.7)

Gender

 - Male

48 (64)

 - Female

27 (36)

Country of infection

 - India

59 (77.6)

 - Non-India

17 (22.4)

Days of fever

5.71 (2.58)

Cough

 - Yes

6 (7.9)

 - No

70 (92.1)

Weakness

 - Yes

9 (11.8)

 - No

67 (88.2)

Headache

 - Yes

12 (15.8)

 - No

64 (84.2)

Malaise

 - Yes

3 (3.9)

 - No

73 (96.1)

Rash

 - Yes

7 (9.2)

 - No

69 (90.8)

Urine output abnormality

 - Yes

19 (25)

 - No

57 (75)

Chills

 - Yes

36 (47.4)

 - No

40 (52.6)

Rigors

 - Yes

27 (35.5)

 - No

49 (64.5)

Abdominal pain

 - Yes

15 (19.7)

 - No

61 (80.3)

Nausea

 - Yes

6 (7.9)

 - No

70 (92.1)

Vomiting

 - Yes

15 (19.7)

 - No

61 (80.3)

Edema

 - Yes

1 (1.3)

 - No

75 (98.7)

Temperature, mean (SD)

38.5 (1.04)

Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD)

107.6 (24.5)

Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD)

69 (15.9)

Pulse rate, mean (SD)

110.9 (19.9)

Respiratory rate, mean (SD)

30.3 (11.5)

Splenomegaly

 - Yes

23 (30.3)

 - No

53 (69.7)

Hepatomegaly

 - Yes

17 (22.4)

 - No

59 (77.6)

Hemoglobin, mean (SD)

9.47 (2.79)

Leukocyte, mean (SD)

6237.8 (2722.2)

Platelet, mean (SD)

85,360 (74,296.5)

RDT

 - Yes

43 (56.6)

 - No

33 (43.4)

Time point of severe complications

 - Before treatment (at presentation)

50 (65.8)

 - After treatment (with anti-malarial drug)

16 (21.1)

 - Before and after treatment

10 (13.2)

Complication during treatment

 - Yes

34 (44.7)

 - No

42 (55.3)

Second anti-malarial drug given

 - Yes

13 (17.1)

 - No

63 (82.9)

Discharge/recovery/parasite clearance

 - > 7 days

41 (65.1)

 - ≤ 7 days

22 (34.9)