Individual and household correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection among Young Ethiopian children in Ziway, Central Ethiopia

Table 1 Distribution of sociodemographic factors in schoolchildren in Ziway, central Ethiopia

Personal Factors:	N	%
Age
< 5	34	7.90
5–9	210	48.7
10–14	187	43.4
Sex
Male	219	50.5
Female	215	49.5
Have older siblings
Yes	265	61.2
No	168	38.8
Vaccination status
Vaccinated	426	98.2
Unvaccinated	8	1.80
Regularly breastfeeding
Yes	138	35.7
No	249	64.3
Currently taking antibiotics
Yes	146	33.6
No	288	66.4
Deworming medication in last 6 months^a
Yes	313	72.1
No	121	27.9
Hemoglobin count g/dL
< 11.5	17	3.90
≥ 11.5	417	96.1
Household Factors:
Maternal education
Formal	253	58.3
Non-formal	181	41.7
Maternal occupation
Housewife	197	45.4
Employed	237	54.6
Socioeconomic status^b
Good	245	56.5
Poor	189	43.5
Lack of paracetamol^c
Yes	28	6.50
No	406	93.5
Residence location
Rural	16	3.70
Urban	418	96.3
Number of people in house
2–5	282	65.0
> 5	152	35.0
Smokers in house
Yes	18	4.20
No	414	95.8
Housing materials^d
Good	369	85.0
Poor	65	15.0
Housing conditions^e
Good	384	88.5
Poor	50	11.5
Cooking location
Inside house	332	76.7
Outside house	101	23.3
Cooking with natural materials^f
Yes	320	73.7
No	114	26.3
Gas or electric cooking
Yes	91	21.0
No	343	79.0
Any electricity use in household
Yes	412	94.9
No	22	5.10
Cat or dog ownership
Yes	185	42.6
No	249	57.4
Farm animal ownership^g
Yes	150	34.6
No	284	65.4
Any animal ownership
Yes	275	63.4
No	159	36.6
Main water source
Piped	419	96.5
Well/natural water source	15	3.50
Type of toilet
Flush or ventilated pit	22	5.10
Traditional pit or none	409	94.9
Waste disposal
Pit/field/other	94	21.7
Burning/garbage bin	340	78.3
Sanitation^h
Good	260	59.9
Poor	174	40.1

^aDeworming status was defined, received single dose (500 mg of mebendazole) as part of the mass school-based deworming programs in the past 6 months as evidenced form school records
^bgood socioeconomic status defined as formal maternal education and any household electricity use
^clack of paracetamol defined as lack of affordability or availability
^dpoor housing materials defined as mud and wood walls and uncovered mud floor
^epoor housing conditions defined as no child bed and cooking inside main living area in house
^fnatural materials defined as dung, leaves, and wood
^gfarm animals defined as hen, cow/ox, sheep, horse, goat, pig, and mule/donkey
^hpoor sanitation defined as tradition pit or no toilet and using dung for cooking

ISSN: 1471-2334