Risk of multi-drug resistant Campylobacter spp. and residual antimicrobials at poultry farms and live bird markets in Bangladesh

Table 2 Occurrence of diversified resistance patterns among the poultry-originated C. jejuni and C. coli strains which showed full resistance against two or more antimicrobial agents

Resistance	Resistance patterns*	C. jejuni (n = 47)		C. coli (n = 24)
Category		No. of strains (%)	Sub-total (%)	No. of strains (%)	Sub-total (%)
Against two	AMX-STR	3 (6)	10 (21)	2 (8)	4 (16)
	AMX-TET	5 (11)		2 (8)
	ER-CIP	2 (4)		0 (0)
Against three	ER-STR-CIP	5 (11)	11 (23)	3 (13)	6 (25)
	AMX-ER-NOR	3 (6)		2 (8)
	AMX-TET-CIP	3 (6)		1 (4)
Against four	AMX-STR-TET-CIP	3 (6)	3 (6)	1 (4)	1 (4)
Against five	AMX-ER-TET-NOR-AZM	3 (6)	5 (11)	2 (8)	3 (12)
Against five	AMX-ER-TET-NOR-GEN	2 (4)		1 (4)
Against six	AMX-ER-TET-CIP-NOR-AZM	4 (9)	4 (9)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Total		33 (70)		14 (58)

*Resistant to antimicrobials at standard doses (μg): amoxicillin (AMX, 30 μg), streptomycin (STR, 10 μg), erythromycin (ER, 30 μg), tetracycline (TET, 30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), norfloxacin (NOR, 10 μg), gentamicin (GM, 10 μg), and azithromycin (AZM, 30 μg)

ISSN: 1471-2334