2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of index cases | 12 | 14 | 8 | 19 | 10 | 26 | 33 | 29 | 41 | 192 | |
Index cases – demographic characteristics | |||||||||||
Sex (N = 98) | Male | 2 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 8 | 56 (57.1%) |
Female | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 42 (43.9%) | |
Unknown | 2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 3 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 27 | 94 | |
Median age | 23.0 | 31.5 | 41.5 | 35.5 | 31.0 | 29.0 | 31.5 | 31.0 | 55.0 | 31.0 | |
Nationality (region) (N = 48) | Africa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 (12.5%) |
The Americas | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (8.3%) | |
Asia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 (12.5%) | |
Eastern Europe | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 (16.7%) | |
Western Europe | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 24 (50.0%) | |
Unknown | 10 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 6 | 15 | 25 | 22 | 32 | 144 | |
Index cases – clinical characteristics | |||||||||||
Smear microscopy (N = 159) | Positive | 12 | 12 | 6 | 15 | 10 | 19 | 25 | 21 | 27 | 147 (92.5%) |
negative | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 12 (7.5%) | |
Unknown | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 33 | |
Culture (N = 102) | Positive | 8 | 9 | 3 | 13 | 4 | 6 | 17 | 9 | 10 | 79 (77.5%) |
Negative | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | |
Pending | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 23 (22.5%) | |
Unknown | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 13 | 15 | 26 | 90 | |
Chest X-ray (N = 109) | Normal | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 (4.6%) |
Abnormal | 2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 41 (37.6%) | |
Cavitary lesions | 7 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 7 | 10 | 63 (57.8%) | |
Unknown | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 26 | 83 | |
Diagnosis (N = 119) | Pan-sensitive TB | 7 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 19 | 92 (77.3%) |
Mono-resistant TB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 (9.2%) | |
MDR-TB | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 15 (12.6%) | |
XDR-TB | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.8%) | |
Unknown | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 21 | 73 | |
Infectious during exposure (N = 115) | Yes | 10 | 6 | 6 | 11 | 4 | 12 | 18 | 14 | 18 | 99 (86.1%) |
No | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 16 (13.9%) | |
Unknown | 1 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 21 | 77 | |
Symptoms during exposure (N = 81) | Yes | 9 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 62 (76.5%) |
No | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 19 (23.5%) | |
Unknown | 2 | 10 | 5 | 13 | 7 | 17 | 20 | 13 | 24 | 111 | |
Exposure Setting | |||||||||||
Type of exposure (N = 192) | Flight contact | 12 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 4 | 15 | 23 | 22 | 24 | 130 (67.7%) |
Private contact | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 39 (20.3%) | |
Work contact | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 16 (8.3%) | |
School- or education-related contact | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 (3.1%) | |
Ship contact | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.5%) | |
Contact persons | |||||||||||
Total number of contact persons | 30 | 88 | 52 | 86 | 48 | 80 | 104 | 186 | 97 | 771 | |
Child contacts | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.4%) | 7 (13.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.1%) | 2 (2.5%) | 6 (5.8%) | 5 (2.7%) | 8 (8.2%) | 32 (4.2%) | |
Number of contact persons who could not be traced | 3 (0.1%) | 7 (8.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 20 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.1%) | 34 (4.4%) |