Fig. 2
A schematic diagram of TBEV transmission. a represents the flow of TBEV transmission through systemic transmission route. The dashed lines represent systemic infection routes. The transitions depicted by solid lines are seasonal and parameterized by temperature variable. The green lines represent development rate from eggs to larvae, engorged stages to the next stages and the oviposition rate. The transitions in red lines are determined by host-attaching rates which are described by seasonal host availability and seasonal tick-questing activities. The diagram in (b) shows non-systemic transmission of TBEV induced by co-feeding of susceptible ticks (Lq, Nqs) and infected nymphs (Nqi) on the same hosts, regardless of the infection status of hosts. The dashed lines represent non-systemic infection routes