Table 1 Baseline characteristics, univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis of prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality of the 98 patients with SPE
Characteristics/Variables | No. (%)/Value | Survival | Death | univariate analysis | Logistic regression analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 79) | (n = 19) | P | P | OR | 95% CI | ||
 Age (years) | 46.6 ± 15.2 | 44.4 ± 14.0 | 56.0 ± 16.8 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 1.100 | 1.035–1.169 |
 Sex (male/female) | 81/17 | 66/13 | 15/4 | 0.635 |  |  |  |
 Smoking history | 43 (43.9%) | 34 | 9 | 0.733 |  |  |  |
Presenting symptoms, n (%) | |||||||
2003Fever (> 38 °C) | 70(71.4%) | 56 | 14 | 0.808 |  |  |  |
 Cough | 52(53.1%) | 41 | 11 | 0.638 |  |  |  |
 Weight loss | 27(27.6%) | 19 | 8 | 0.114 |  |  |  |
 Dyspnea | 23(23.5%) | 16 | 7 | 0.126 |  |  |  |
 Chest pain | 17(17.3%) | 12 | 5 | 0.250 |  |  |  |
Vital sign | |||||||
 Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) | 13(13.3%) | 6 | 7 | 0.001 | 0.037 | 7.260 | 1.126–46.804 |
 Heart rate (> 100/min) | 28(28.6%) | 22 | 6 | 0.747 |  |  |  |
 Respiratory rate (> 22/min) | 25(25.5%) | 18 | 7 | 0.207 |  |  |  |
Comorbidities | Â | ||||||
 Diabetes mellitus | 41(41.8%) | 33 | 8 | 0.979 |  |  |  |
 Heart disease | 17(17.3%) | 12 | 5 | 0.250 |  |  |  |
 Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatitis) | 12(12.2%) | 9 | 3 | 0.892 |  |  |  |
 Chronic kidney disease | 11(11.2%) | 7 | 4 | 0.268 |  |  |  |
 COPD | 10(10.2%) | 7 | 3 | 0.636 |  |  |  |
 Venous thromboembolism | 9(9.2%) | 8 | 1 | 0.828 |  |  |  |
 Deep vein thrombosis | 6(6.1%) | 6 | 0 | 0.593 |  |  |  |
 Pulmonary embolism | 3(3.1%) | 2 | 1 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Malignancy | 5(5.1%) | 4 | 1 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Collagen vascular disease or other autoimmune disorders | 5(5.1%) | 5 | 0 | 0.263 |  |  |  |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 4(4.1%) | 4 | 0 | 0.319 |  |  |  |
Predisposing conditions | |||||||
 Nosocomial infection | 21(21.4%) | 14 | 7 | 0.035 | 0.231 | 2.647 | 0.538–13.015 |
 IV drug use | 18(18.4%) | 12 | 6 | 0.098 |  |  |  |
 Immunosuppressed state | 16(16.3%) | 12 | 4 | 0.783 |  |  |  |
 Venous catheter insertion | 13(13.3%) | 8 | 5 | 0.136 |  |  |  |
 Injury or other trauma | 12(12.2%) | 9 | 3 | 0.892 |  |  |  |
Infectious foci | |||||||
 Skin and other soft tissue infection | 30(30.6%) | 23 | 7 | 0.512 |  |  |  |
 Infective endocarditis | 20(20.4%) | 15 | 5 | 0.477 |  |  |  |
 Liver abscess | 17(14.3%) | 14 | 3 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Catheter-associated blood stream infection | 9(9.2%) | 6 | 3 | 0.504 |  |  |  |
 Urinary tract infection | 6(6.1%) | 5 | 1 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Perianal abscess | 5(5.1%) | 4 | 1 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Cholecystitis or cholangitis | 3(3.1%) | 3 | 0 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Infectious endophthalmitis | 2(2.0%) | 1 | 1 | 0.839 |  |  |  |
 Peritonsillar abscess | 1(1.0%) | 0 | 1 | 0.194 |  |  |  |
 Periodontal abscess | 1(1.0%) | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
 Meningitis | 1(1.0%) | 0 | 1 | 0.194 |  |  |  |
 Unknown | 3(3.1%) | 3 | 0 | 1.000 |  |  |  |
Laboratory data | |||||||
 WBC count (×109/L) | 15.9 ± 7.3 | 15.9 ± 8.0 | 15.5 ± 2.9 | 0.818 |  |  |  |
 Neutrophil ratio | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.873 |  |  |  |
 ESR, mm/hr | 64.6 ± 30.2 | 63.7 ± 28.5 | 68.4 ± 36.8 | 0.547 |  |  |  |
 Serum CRP (mg/L) | 84.0(55.9–135.0) | 104.9 ± 63.1 | 89.5 ± 62.9 | 0.343 |  |  |  |
 Serum PCT (ng/ml) | 1.36(0.29–6.52) | 4.22 ± 2.18 | 5.74 ± 3.39 | 0.242 |  |  |  |
 PO2 (< 60 mmHg) | 19(19.4%) | 14 | 5 | 0.395 |  |  |  |
 Lactate level (> 2.0/mmol/L) | 8(8.2%) | 4 | 4 | 0.069 |  |  |  |
 Gram-positive organisms of blood culture | 19(21.4%) | 13 | 6 | 0.134 |  |  |  |
 Gram-negative organisms of blood culture | 11(21.4%) | 7 | 4 | 0.268 |  |  |  |
 Candidemia | 3(21.4%) | 0 | 3 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
 Deep fungal infection | 14(14.3%) | 8 | 6 | 0.016 | 0.233 | 0.193 | 0.013–2.885 |
 MDRP infection | 19(19.4%) | 11 | 8 | 0.005 | 0.089 | 5.999 | 0.763–47.152 |
Clinical Course and complication | |||||||
 Ineffective or delayed EAT | 24(24.5%) | 15 | 9 | 0.023 | 0.035 | 7.341 | 1.145–47.045 |
 Drainage treatment | 26(26.5%) | 25 | 1 | 0.040 | 0.027 | 0.330 | 0.002–0.677 |
 Respiratory failure | 19(19.4%) | 12 | 7 | 0.032 | 0.064 | 6.663 | 0.898–49.462 |
 Heart failure | 20(20.4%) | 14 | 6 | 0.178 |  |  |  |
 Renal failure | 14(14.3%) | 9 | 5 | 0.095 |  |  |  |
 Liver insufficiency | 10(10.2%) | 7 | 3 | 0.636 |  |  |  |
 Coagulation disorders | 4(4.1%) | 1 | 3 | 0.026 |  |  |  |
 MODS | 21(21.4%) | 13 | 8 | 0.014 | 0.866 | 1.147 | 0.234–5.629 |
 Duration of hospitalization, days | 22.7 ± 11.1 | 21.4 ± 10.5 | 27.6 ± 13.8 | 0.037 | 0.895 | 1.005 | 0.935–1.080 |