Table 4 Influenza typing, CSF analysis, neuroradiological imaging, clinical case definition, comorbidity, treatment and outcome
Patient (n) | Age (months) | Influenza virus subtype | CSF analysis | EEG pattern | Brain CT/MRI | Diagnosis | Comorbidity | Oseltamivir | Steroids | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7 | H3N2 | Normal | Generalized slowing | Not performed | Encephalitis | no | yes | no | Recovery without sequelae |
2 | 1 | H1N1 | pleocytosis, elevated protein levels | Not performed | Not performed | Encephalitis | pulmonary stenosis | no | no | Recovery without sequelae |
3 | 7 | H1N1 | Normal | Generalized slowing | Not performed | Encephalitis | ventriculomegaly | yes | yes | Recovery without sequelae |
4 | 20 | H1N1 | Not performed | Not performed | Not performed | Encephalopathy | no | no | No | Recovery without sequelae |
5 | 14 | H1N1 | Not performed | Not performed | Not performed | Encephalopathy | no | no | No | Recovery without sequelae |
6 | 38 | H1N1 | Not performed | Generalized slowing, focal abnormalities | Not performed | Encephalitis | No | no | No | Recovery without sequelae |
7 | 27 | H1N1 | Not performed | Normal findings | Not performed | Encephalopathy | epileptic encephalopathy | no | No | Recovery without sequelae |
8 | 120 | H1N1 | Not performed | Normal findings | Not performed | Encephalopathy | no | no | no | Recovery without sequelae |
9 | 72 | H3N2 | Normal findings | Generalized slowing | CT: normal findings MRI: expansion of some perivascular spaces in periventricular white matter | Encephalitis | epilepsy | no | yes | Recovery without sequelae |
10 | 6 | H1N1 | Normal findings | Normal findings | CT: Normal findings MRI: not performed | Encephalopathy | No | no | no | Recovery without sequelae |
11 | 30 | H1N1 | Not performed | Consistent with comorbidity (Dravet syndrome) | CT: Normal findings MRI: consistent with comorbidity (Dravet syndrome) | Encephalopathy | No | no | yes | Recovery without sequelae |
12 | 25 | H1N1 | Normal findings | Normal findings | CT: Normal findings MRI: cortical and subcortical areas DWI-hyperintense and ADC hypointense | Encephalitis | Dravet syndrome | no | yes | Minimal sequelae |
13 | 48 | H1N1 | Not performed | Not performed | Not performed | Encephalopathy | no | no | no | Recovery without sequelae |
14 | 72 | B | Not performed | Generalized slowing | Not performed | Encephalitis | No | no | no | Recovery without sequelae |
15 | 48 | H1N1 | Mildly elevated protein levels | Focal slow wave activity | CT: Hypodensity of cerebral white matter at the vertex MRI: diffusion-restricted areas in periventricular white matter and semioval center | Encephalitis | No | no | yes | Recovery without sequelae |