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Table 3 Factors associated with EV infection in household contacts

From: Transmission and serotype features of hand foot mouth disease in household contacts in Dong Thap, Vietnam

Characteristics

Laboratory confirmedx

(n=148)

Not Laboratory confirmed

(n=433)

Crude RR

[cRR]

95% CI

P-value

Adjusted RR

[aRR]

P-value

Relationship to index case

 Aunt/uncle/other

16 (10)

142 (90)

1.00

    

 Grandparent

6 (9)

59 (91)

0.90

[0.34, 2.42]

0.84

1.13

0.81

 Sibling

31 (34)

60 (66)

4.90

[2.76, 8.71]

<0.001

5.58

<0.001

 Parent

95 (36)

172 (64)

4.59

[2.34, 9.00]

<0.001

5.70

<0.001

 Aunt/uncle/grandparent

22 (15)

201 (46)

1.00

    

 Parent/sibling

126 (85)

232 (54)

4.96

[3.04, 8.11]

<0.001

5.20

<0.001

Sex

 Female

89 (29)

221 (71)

1.00

    

 Male

59 (22)

212 (78)

0.69

[0.47, 1.01]

0.06

0.61

0.02

Age

 <1 year

0 (0)

0 (0)

-

    

 1-<3 years

5 (36)

9 (64)

1.00

    

 3-<6 years

7 (33)

14 (67)

0.90

[0.22, 3.73]

0.88

-

-

 6-<15 years

15 (31)

33 (69)

0.82

[0.23, 2.86]

0.75

-

-

 15+

121 (24)

377 (76)

0.58

[0.19, 1.757]

0.33

-

-

 <1 year

0 (0)

0 (0)

-

    

 1-<3 years

5 (36)

9 (64)

1.00

    

 3+ years

153 (26)

424 (74)

0.607

[0.20, 1.84]

0.38

-

-

Household size!

 <5

42 (30)

96 (70)

1.00

    

 ≥5

106 (24)

337 (76)

0.72

[0.47, 1.09]

0.49

-

-

Number of children in household

 <2

59 (25)

177 (75)

1.00

    

 ≥2

89 (26)

256 (74)

1.06

[0.73, 1.56]

0.75

-

-

Symptoms (household) ð

 Ill

6 (21)

22 (79)

0.84

[0.33, 2.13]

0.72

  

 Fever

2 (18)

9 (82)

0.69

[0.15, 3.23]

0.63

  

 HFMD

0 (0)

4 (100)

-

-

-

  

 Rash

0 (0)

1 (100)

-

-

-

-

-

Toy sharing~

 No

10 (37)

23 (41)

1.00

    

 Yes

17 (63)

33 (59)

1.19

[0.46, 3.05]

0.73

-

-

  1. Values expressed as number (percentage within exposure group) unless otherwise indicated.
  2. X Defined as a positive RT-PCR, or a 4-fold change in a single EV-A71, CV-A6, CV-A16 (or more) serotype neutralizing antibody titers between sample 1 and sample 2.
  3. ! Mean household size 4.86 people, total n=150.
  4. ~ Defined as either index case or household contact (≤15yrs) stating yes to toy sharing. (n=83)
  5. ð Experienced illness in the past two weeks; Fever: experienced fever in the past two weeks; HFMD: experienced Hand, Foot and Mouth disease in the past 4 weeks; Rash: exhibited a sore on hand, foot or mouth in the past 4 weeks