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Table 4 Risk ratios for TST positivity by demographic and clinical characteristic. Adjusted results are presented for complete case analysis (n = 1878 patientsa) and analysis using combined results of 20 imputed datasets (n = 2303 patients). Risk ratios marked with an asterisk (*) are statistically significant. CI = confidence interval

From: The latent tuberculosis infection cascade of care in Iqaluit, Nunavut, 2012–2016

Potential Risk factor

Patients with positive TST/ category total (%)

Risk ratio from univariate modelsb (95% CI)

Adjusted risk ratioc (95% CI), complete case

Adjusted risk ratioc (95% CI), multiple imputation

Age, years (per 5-year increase)

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

1.00 (0.97–1.04)

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

Sex

 Male

233/1065 (21.9%)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Female

223/138 (18.0%)

0.80 (0.68–0.95)*

0.78 (0.65–0.94)*

0.80 (0.68–0.95)*

Ethnicity

 Inuit

306/1220 (25.1%)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Non-Inuit

90/658 (13.7%)

0.58 (0.47–0.73)*

0.64 (0.50–0.83)*

0.68 (0.54–0.86)*

Indication for TST

 Tuberculosis exposure

199/606 (32.8%)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Employment screening

67/506 (13.2%)

0.45 (0.35–0.57)*

0.59 (0.45–0.78)*

0.58 (0.45–0.75)*

 School screening

34/297 (11.4%)

0.40 (0.28–0.57)*

0.36 (0.22–0.60)*

0.48 (0.33–0.70)*

 Self or physician referral

124/746 (16.6%)

0.62 (0.51–0.75)*

0.67 (0.55–0.83)*

0.69 (0.57–0.83)*

Year of TST

 2012

201/759 (26.5%)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 2013

101/547 (18.5%)

0.64 (0.52–0.80)*

0.64 (0.51–0.80)*

0.65 (0.53–0.80)*

 2014

95/498 (19.1%)

0.75 (0.61–0.92)*

0.73 (0.59–0.92)*

0.77 (0.63–0.94)*

 2015

45/425 (10.6%)

0.39 (0.30–0.51)*

0.41 (0.30–0.56)*

0.45 (0.34–0.59)*

 2016

12/74 (16.2%)

0.66 (0.42–1.05)

0.75 (0.45–1.24)

0.77 (0.50–1.20)

  1. aData regarding ethnicity were missing for 472 TSTs (14.9%) in 425 patients (18.5%) and were estimated using multiple imputation. Data on indication were missing for 189 TSTs (6.0%) in 148 patients (6.4%)
  2. bUnivariate models adjusted for the correlation between multiple TSTs performed on the same individual using an exchangeable correlation matrix
  3. cModel included age, sex, ethnicity, indication for TST and year of TST and adjusted for multiple TSTs performed on the same individual using an exchangeable correlation matrix