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Fig. 2 | BMC Infectious Diseases

Fig. 2

From: Disseminated cytomegalovirus disease after bendamustine: a case report and analysis of circulating B- and T-cell subsets

Fig. 2

CMV-DNA and CD4+ T-cell count and characterization of B−/T-cell subsets. a Shows the trend of plasmatic CMV-DNA (cp/ml) and the trend of CD4 T-cell count (cell/μl). b-e shows flow cytometry results. Compared to healthy donors (n = 13; data presented as mean + SD value) the patient showed (i) higher proportion of circulating total B cells, CD69+, CD80+ and CXCR3+ B cells; (ii) lower frequency of circulating γ/δ T-cells, with higher proportion of CD69+ and CD38+ γ/δ T-cells; (iii) hyper-activated HLA-DR + CD38+ CD4 and CD8 T-cells (b). The study subject patient also featured an altered T-cell maturation profile, with massive loss of naïve (CCR7 + CD45RA+) and concomitant increase of terminally differentiated (CCR7-CD45RA+) CD4 and CD8 T-cells, with no substantial differences in central memory (CCR7 + CD45RA-) and effector memory (CCR7-CD45RA-) subpopulations compared to healthy donors (c). Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB_superantigen, blue) exposure resulted in high CD4+ T-cell expression of HLA-DR + CD38+ (1.71% vs 1.55), CD39+ (2.78% vs 1.03%) and PD-1+ (3.59% vs 1.27) compared to CMV stimulation (purple) (d; results are displayed after subtraction of “medium alone” condition). SEB, yet not CMV, also resulted in high CD8+ T-cell expression of HLA-DR + CD38+ (0.78% vs 0.28), CD39+ (1.57% vs 0.35%) and PD-1+ (0.84% vs 0) as well as IL2 + IFNγ+ (0.02% vs 0), IL2-IFNγ+ (4.40% vs 0.13%), TNFα+ (4.56% vs 0.25%) and CD107a (95.78% vs 35.43%) (e). Comparable levels of Granzyme B (73.2% vs 75.51%) and Perforin (72.85% vs 70.11%) were detected following both stinuli (e)

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