Fig. 5

schematic representation of the targeted population potentially selected to perform randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The baseline mHLA-DR expression has to be measured during the first 4–5 days post-admission. Patients remaining in intensive care (ICU) after 5 days have sequential mHLA-DR measurements to evaluate the trend of evolution. Both a low mHLA-DR level or a flat/negative trend associated with symptoms of infection despite adequate treatment, leads to consider the use of IFNγ and could be randomized