Table 4 Risk Factors for early mortality (within 30 days)
From: Early and late mortality after malaria in young children in Papua, Indonesia
|  | Anaemia included in the model (n = 8680) | Anaemia excluded from the model (n = 15,703) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Risk (Events/total cases) | Univariable Analysis Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p value | Multivariable Analysis Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | p value | PAF % (95% CI) | Multivariable Analysis Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | p value | PAF % (95% CI) |
Age Group | |||||||||
  > =1 to <=5 | 0.7 (83/11155) | Reference |  | Reference |  |  | Reference |  |  |
  < 1 | 1.0 (46/4561) | 1.36 (0.95, 1.95) | 0.097 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.61) | 0.709 | 2.42 (−11.32,14.47) | 1.24 (0.86, 1.80) | 0.246 | 6.94 (−5.97,18.28) |
Gender | |||||||||
 Female | 0.8 (62/7462) | Reference |  | Reference |  |  | Reference |  |  |
 Male | 0.8 (67/8254) | 0.98 (0.69, 1.38) | 0.893 | 0.92 (0.64, 1.33) | 0.662 | −4.40 (−26.19,13.62) | 0.96 (0.68, 1.36) | 0.813 | −2.21 (−22.31,14.58) |
Ethnicitya | |||||||||
 Non Papuan | 1.5 (17/1100) | Reference |  | Reference |  |  | Reference |  |  |
 Highland | 0.7 (83/11714) | 0.46 (0.27, 0.77) | 0.003 | 0.39 (0.23, 0.67) | < 0.001 | −96.50 (−192.11,-32.18) | 0.51 (0.30, 0.87) | 0.013 | −59.72 (−133.26,-9.36) |
 Lowland | 1.0 (29/2889) | 0.65 (0.35, 1.17) | 0.152 | 0.45 (0.24, 0.85) | 0.014 | −25.96 (−53.50,-3.37) | 0.60 (0.33, 1.10) | 0.098 | −14.67 (−36.25, 3.48) |
Inpatient Status | |||||||||
 Outpatient | 0.3 (33/12192) | Reference |  | Reference |  |  | Reference |  |  |
 Inpatient | 2.7 (96/ 3524) | 10.18 (6.85, 15.12) | < 0.001 | 4.29 (2.69, 6.86) | < 0.001 | 60.02 (43.07,71.93) | 8.22 (5.37,12.57) | < 0.001 | 66.56 (54.43,75.46) |
Anaemia | |||||||||
 Hb > = 7 g/dl | 1.0 (60/6013) | Reference |  | Reference |  |  | – | – | – |
 Hb < 7 g/dl | 2.0 (54/2674) | 2.03 (1.41, 2.94) | < 0.001 | 1.56 (1.05, 2.30) | 0.027 | 17.49 (0.31,31.71) | – | – | – |
Malnourished | |||||||||
 Normal | 0.7 (102/15497) | Reference |  | Reference |  |  | Reference |  |  |
 Undernourished | 12.3 (27/ 219) | 19.65 (12.86, 30.04) | < 0.001 | 9.19 (5.82,14.49) | < 0.001 | 22.38 (13.37,30.45) | 8.88 (5.66,13.92) | < 0.001 | 19.93 (11.81,27.31) |
Species at Presentation | |||||||||
 P. falciparum | 1.0 (60/6184) | Reference |  | Reference |  |  | Reference |  |  |
 P. vivax | 0.7 (56/7499) | 0.77 (0.53, 1.11) | 0.157 | 1.05 (0.70, 1.57) | 0.824 | 1.92 (−16.59,17.50) | 1.02 (0.69, 1.49) | 0.935 | 0.67 (− 16.96,15.64) |
 Mix | 0.7 (13/1827) | 0.73 (0.40, 1.34) | 0.311 | 0.63 (0.32, 1.21) | 0.166 | −5.59 (−12.73, 1.10) | 0.65 (0.36, 1.21) | 0.175 | −5.24 (− 12.19, 1.29) |