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Table 4 Factors associated with HCV and HBV screening history during lifetime, 2016-Health Barometer, mainland France, 2016 (univariate and multivariate analyses)

From: HCV and HBV prevalence based on home blood self-sampling and screening history in the general population in 2016: contribution to the new French screening strategy

Characteristics

HCV (n = 20,029)

HBV (n = 20,029)

wHB %

aPR

95% CI

p

wHB %

aPR

95% CI

p

Gender

 Women

18.6

ref

  

35.6

ref

  

 Men

19.9

1.01

0.94-1.09

NS

35.7

1.01

0.96-1.06

NS

Age (in years)

***

   

***

   

 15-30

21.3

ref

  

34.5

ref

  

 31-45

24.4

1.09

0.99-1.20

NS

44.2

1.23

1.16-1.31

< 10 −3

 46-60

18.6

0.92

0.84-1.02

NS

36.5

1.22

1.14-1.31

< 10 − 3

 61-75

10.8

0.57

0.50-0.64

< 10 −3

24.8

0.92

0.85-1.00

NS

Educational level

***

   

***

   

  < Secondary school certificate

15.5

ref

  

30.4

ref

  

 Secondary school certificate

20.2

1.22

1.11-1.34

< 10 −3

37.8

1.18

1.11-1.25

< 10 − 3

 Higher education qualification

25.5

1.50

1.38-1.63

< 10 −3

43.9

1.28

1.21-1.35

< 10 −3

Household monthly income

    

***

   

 1st tercile (low)

18.6

   

33.6

ref

  

 2nd and 3rd tercile

19.7

   

36.9

1.09

1.03-1.15

< 10 −2

Place of residence

***

   

***

   

 Other regions

18.1

ref

  

34.5

ref

  

 Ile-de-France (Paris region)

23.9

1.12

1.02-1.22

< 0.05

40.3

1.02

0.96-1.08

NS

Level of urbanization

***

   

***

   

 Rural

15.6

ref

  

31.5

ref

  

  < 99,999 inhabitants

17.7

1.09

0.99-1.21

NS

33.6

1.05

0.99-1.12

NS

  ≥ 100,000 inhabitants or Paris urban area

22.0

1.17

1.06-1.30

< 10 −2

38.9

1.11

1.04-1.18

< 10 −2

Health Insurance coverage for low-income personsa

***

   

***

   

 No

18.9

ref

  

35.2

ref

  

 Yes

25.7

1.29

1.11-1.50

< 10 −2

42.7

1.21

1.09-1.34

< 10 −3

HBV endemicity in country of birthc

    

***

   

 Low

    

34.7

ref

  

 Intermediate

    

39.6

1.13

1.03-1.23

< 10 −2

 High

    

50.1

1.22

1.08-1.37

< 10 − 2

HCV endemicity in country of birthc

***

       

 Low

18.8

ref

      

 Intermediate or high

24.9

1.15

0.98-1.33

NS

    

Blood transfusion before 1992

*

       

 No

19.1

ref

      

 Yes

22.1

1.33

1.17-1.52

< 10 −3

    

Healthcare or stays ≥3 months in Africa, Asia or Middle East

***

   

***

   

 No

18.5

ref

  

34.6

ref

  

 Yes

24.6

1.16

1.17-1.52

< 10 −3

43.1

1.09

1.01-1.17

< 0.05

Drug use during lifetime

***

   

***

   

 No

18.1

ref

  

34.6

ref

  

 Yes, intravenous use with or without nasal use

64.7

3.09

2.50-3.82

< 10 −3

64.8

1.68

1.38-2.05

< 10 − 3

 Yes, nasal use only

37.8

1.71

1.51-1.93

< 10 −3

53.1

1.36

1.25-1.48

< 10 −3

Tattooing or piercing without single-use materials

 No

16.9

   

35.7

   

 Yes

19.3

   

33.4

   

Lived with or sexual intercourse with an HBV infected person

    

***

   

 Yes

    

34.7

ref

  

 No

    

60.7

1.55

1.43-1.67

< 10 −3

Sex with other men during lifetime

***

   

***

   

 No

18.8

ref

  

35.3

ref

  

 Yes

40.7

1.68

1.42-1.98

< 10 −3

54.3

1.31

1.16-1.48

< 10 − 3

Sexually transmitted infection(s) in the previous 12 monthsd

***

   

***

   

 No

19.1

ref

  

35.4

ref

  

 Yes

37.3

1.37

1.11-1.69

< 10 −2

61.9

1.33

1.14-1.55

< 10 −3

HBV vaccination

    

***

   

 No

    

27.0

ref

  

 Yes

    

45.7

1.59

1.51-1.67

< 10 −3

  1. wHB % Health Barometer weighted percentage, aPR adjusted prevalence ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, NS Not significant
  2. * P-value < 0.05, ** P value < 0.01, *** P value < 0.001 in bivariate analyses using Chi-2 test
  3. aIncludes Complementary Universal Health Insurance (CMU, which is free insurance for low-income persons) and State Medical Assistance (AME, which is free insurance for low-income irregular migrants)
  4. bCountries with a low level of HCV endemicity: Europe, America, Caribbean; countries with an intermediate or high level of endemicity: Africa, Middle-East, Indian subcontinent, Asia, Pacific Islands
  5. cCountries with a low level of HBV endemicity: Northern and Western Europe, North America, Pacific Islands; countries with an intermediate level of endemicity: French Overseas administrative areas, Eastern and Southern Europe, North Africa, Middle-East, Indian subcontinent, South America; countries with a high level of endemicity: Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia
  6. dMycosis are excluded
  7. The distributions are significantly different for numbers in bold
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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