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Table 2 Estimated odds ratio, standard error, 95% confidence interval, and P-values for effects of spatial scale and publication year on tick-borne disease risk. There were significant effects of scale and year (Wald test statistic [df = 4] = 117.6, P < 0.0001)

From: Systematic review and meta-analysis of tick-borne disease risk factors in residential yards, neighborhoods, and beyond

Spatial scale

Odds ratio

SE

CI

P

Number of studies

Number of records

Yard

2.60

1.16

[1.96, 3.46]

<0.0001

13

59

Neighborhood

4.08

1.29

[2.49, 6.68]

<0.0001

4

5

Outside Neighborhood

2.03

1.13

[1.59, 2.59]

<0.0001

9

34

Year

0.97

1.01

[0.96, 0.99]

0.0001

NA

NA