Disparities in access to and use of HIV-related health services in the Netherlands by migrant status and sexual orientation: a cross-sectional study among people recently diagnosed with HIV infection

Table 3 Access to treatment and ongoing HIV care among Dutch aMASE-study participants (n = 247), 2013–2015

	Total		Migrant MSM		Non-migrant MSM		Migrant heterosexual men		Non-migrant heterosexual men		Migrant women
	(n = 247)		(n = 77)		(n = 115)		(n = 21)		(n = 14)		(n = 20)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value^a
Currently taking cART	212/247	85.8	67/77	87.0	96/115	83.5	19/21	90.5	13/14	92.9	17/20	85.0
Weeks between start cART and HIV diagnosis (Median, IQR)^{b, c}	6	3–43	9	3–31	7	4–59	3	1–7	3	2–7	3	2–34	0.002
Reason for no cART use^d
My doctor says I do not need them yet	21/35	60.0	6/10	60.0	12/19	63.2	0/2	0.0	1/1	100.0	2/3	66.7
I’m afraid of the side effects	3/35	8.6	0/10	0.0	2/19	10.5	0/2	0.0	0/1	0.0	1/3	33.3
I’m on a treatment break I agreed with my doctor	5/35	14.3	1/10	10.0	4/19	21.1	0/2	0.0	0/1	0.0	0/3	0.0
I will start soon/today	8/35	22.9	3/10	30.0	3/19	15.8	2/2	100.0	0/1	0.0	0/3	0.0
I am waiting for approval	1/35	2.9	0/10	0.0	1/19	5.3	0/2	0.0	0/1	0.0	0/3	0.0
High self-reported cART adherence^{b, e}	205/209	98.1	65/66	98.5	93/95	97.9	18/18	100.0	13/13	100.0	16/17	94.1
Finding it difficult to take HIV medication on a regular basis^{b, f}	27/191	14.1	7/53	13.2	10/92	10.9	4/17	23.5	1/13	7.7	5/16	31.3
Missed appointments at HIV clinic due to the travel costs	10/246	4.1	3/76	3.9	1/115	0.9	3/21	14.3	0/14	0.0	3/20	15.0

MSM men who have sex with men, cART combination antiretroviral therapy, IQR interquartile range
^a only p-values are presented for variables not included in Fig. 2
^b Only participants were included who were currently using cART
^c 16 missings
^d Only participants were included who were not currently using cART. Total number and percentage exceeds 100% because participants could indicate more than one reason
^e Measured on a 4-point Likert scale and dichotomized for analyses whereas the answers strongly agree and agree on the statement “I always follow my doctor’s instructions about taking my HIV medication” represent high self-reported cART adherence and strongly disagree and disagree represents low self-reported adherence
^f Measured on a 4-point Likert scale and dichotomized for analyses whereas the answers strongly agree and agree on the statement “I find it difficult to take my HIV medication on a regular basis” represent finding it difficult to take HIV medication on a regular basis and strongly disagree and disagree represents not finding it difficult to take HIV medication on a regular basis

ISSN: 1471-2334