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Table 2 Bivariate analysis of risk factors for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection in patients infected with K. pneumoniae

From: Risk factors and survival of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a KPC endemic setting: a case-control and cohort study

Variables

Carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae n = 289

Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae n = 49

Total K. pneumoniae infections n = 338

OR (95% CI)

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

Sociodemographics

 Age in years (median, IQR)

67

(51–77)

64

(55–74)

67

(51–76)

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

 Male sex

164

56.75

34

69.39

198

58.58

1.73 (0.90–3.31)

 Transfer from another facility

111

38.41

18

36.73

129

38.17

0.93 (0.50–1.74)

Clinical characteristics

 Time at risk in days (median, IQR)

3

(1–12)

10

(1–26)

3

(1–14)

1.03 (1.01–1.05)

 ICU hospitalization

38

13.15

13

26.53

51

15.09

2.38 (1.16–4.90)

 Healthcare associated infection

118

40.83

30

61.22

148

43.79

2.28 (1.23–4.25)

Invasive devices

143

49.48

38

77.55

181

53.55

3.5 (1.73–7.17)

 Urinary catheter

69

23.88

21

42.86

90

26.63

2.39 (1.28–4.47)

 Central venous catheter

53

18.34

21

42.86

74

21.89

3.33 (1.77–6.32)

 Enteral nutrition

30

10.38

11

22.45

41

12.13

2.49 (1.16–5.39)

 Mechanical ventilation

25

8.65

11

22.45

36

10.65

3.05 (1.40–6.71)

Medical history (previous year)

 Surgery

105

36.33

23

46.94

128

37.87

1.55 (0.84–2.85)

Medical history (previous 6 months)

 Hospitalization

171

59.17

33

67.35

204

60.36

1.42 (0.75–2.70)

 ICU stay

31

10.73

8

16.33

39

11.54

1.62 (0.70–3.77)

 Dialysis

37

12.80

11

22.45

48

14.20

1.97 (0.93–4.19)

Previous use of antibiotics

186

64.36

43

87.76

229

67.75

2.59 (1.26–5.31)

 Piperacilin/Tazobactam

90

31.14

17

34.69

107

31.66

1.17 (0.62–2.22)

 Aztreonam

5

1.73

2

4.08

7

2.07

2.41 (0.45–12.82)

 Cefepime

4

1.38

7

14.29

11

3.25

11.87 (3.33–42.30)

 Meropenem

22

7.61

20

40.81

42

12.43

8.36 (4.08–17.13)

 Ciprofloxacin

36

12.46

14

28.57

50

14.79

2.81 (1.38–5.72)

 Amikacina

9

3.11

6

12.24

15

4.44

4.34 (1.47–12.80)

Previous days of antibiotic use(number of days) (median, IQR)

 Piperacillin/Tazobactam

7

4–10

6.5

4–9.5

7

4–10

1.17 (0.62–2.22)

 Aztreonam

4

3–6

8.5

8–9

6

3–8

1.25 (0.97–1.61)

 Cefepime

7.5

4–11.5

8

7–12

8

7–12

1.27 (1.09–1.49)

 Meropenem

9

5–12

13.5

8–18.5

11

6–14

1.20 (1.13–1.28)

 Ciprofloxacin

6

4–16

7

2.5–10

6.5

4–13

1.03 (0.97–1.10)

 Amikacina

4

1–7

9.5

7–20

7

1–12

1.18 (1.04–1.33)

Comorbidities

276

95.50

48

97.96

324

95.86

 

 Charlson Index (median, IQR)

4

(2–6)

4

(3–5)

4

(2–6)

1.002 (0.88–1.13)

 Cardiovascular disease

137

47.40

23

46.94

160

47.34

0.98 (0.53–1.80)

 Diabetes Mellitus

91

31.49

12

24.49

103

30.47

0.71 (0.35–1.41)

 Cancer

52

17.99

10

20.41

62

18.34

1.17 (0.55–2.49)

 Renal chronic disease

53

18.34

5

10.20

58

17.16

0.51 (0.19–1.34)

 COPD

50

17.30

7

14.29

57

16.86

0.80 (0.34–1.87)

  1. Significant at α < 0.05
  2. ICU Intensive Care Unit, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  3. ‡Included in the multivariable analysis (p < 0.25)
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BMC Infectious Diseases

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