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Table 5 Sub-group meta-analysis of the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Iran

From: Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Subgroup variable

Prevalence (95% CI)

I2 (%)

Heterogeneity (χ2)

P value

Interaction test (χ2)

P value

Geographical distribution

North

0.09 (0.04-0.18)

98.73

315.38

< 0.001

12.95

< 0.001

Center

0.02 (0.01-0.03)

98.87

970.4

< 0.001

West

0.06 (0.03-0.11)

99.71

4477.29

< 0.001

East

0.05 (0.01-0.11)

96.4

83.22

< 0.001

Age

< 40 years

0.07 (0.04-0.12)

99.23

1937.99

< 0.001

40.03

< 0.001

≥ 40 years

0.05 (0.03-0.06)

95.24

230.86

< 0.001

ND a

0.01 (0.00-0.01)

98.8

465

< 0.001

Quality score

Low

0.05 (0.01-0.12)

99.59

2426.9

< 0.001

0.49

0.48

High

0.04 (0.03-0.06)

99.56

5225.56

< 0.001

Diagnostic lab method

Serological

0.04 (0.03-0.06)

98.22

1459.33

< 0.001

257.4

< 0.001

Serological, clinical, and imagingb

0.07 (0.05-0.09)

79.06

14.33

< 0.001

Place of residence

Urban

0.01 (0.00-0.05)

98.48

262.31

< 0.001

18.63

< 0.001

Urban and rural

0.06 (0.03-0.1)

99.57

-

-

Rural and nomads

0.06 (0.02-0.12)

98.13

214.1

< 0.001

ND

0.05 (0.01-0.12)

99.66

1191.6

< 0.001

All studies

0.05 (0.00-0.16)

99.56

7797.5

< 0.001

-

-

  1. a ND Not-determined
  2. bClinical and imaging methods are included: clinical manifestations of the patients, in combination with the results of imaging and radiographic diagnostic methods (computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), chest-X ray, ultrasonography, bronchoscopy, or radiology) or pathological and histopathological examinations